menu Home chevron_right
NATIVE CULTURE

How A Supreme Court Case Redefined Whiteness

PBS Origins | October 6, 2024



In 1923, the Supreme Court revoked an Indian man’s citizenship which would go on to have devastating consequences for other Indian immigrants as well. The reason? He wasn’t white. What does this case, United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, tell us about the larger history of race, white supremacy, and citizenship in America?

Hosted by Harini Bhat, Ph.D., In The Margins is a series that covers the history they didn’t teach in school, exploring obscure, yet captivating tales that offer unique insights into their time and place.

*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****

We are very grateful for our Subject Matter Expert Hardeep Dhillon, whose original research contributed greatly to this story. Dhillon is an educator and historian of US immigration & law. She earned her doctorate at Harvard University in History with a secondary field of study in Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies. You can read more about her work at: https://live-sas-www-history.pantheon.sas.upenn.edu/people/hardeep-dhillon

Erika Lee is the Bae Family Professor of History and Radcliffe Alumnae Professor at Harvard University. She has written “Made in Asian America: A History for Young People” and “The Making of Asian America: A History”. You can read more about her work at: https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/erika-lee-radcliffe-professor

Check out the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA): https://www.saada.org/

******
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! @pbsorigins

Check out more from Harini Bhat @tilscience !

And keep up with In the Margins and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: https://facebook.compbsdigitalstudios
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/pbsds

Written by PBS Origins

Comments

This post currently has 36 comments.

  1. @rygetit811

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    The bush era brought 3rd 4th mixed ethnicity europeans into a cityscape of resource defficient areas. Their labor is all in "non-essential services". They do no contribution to resources.
    They adapt racial swede-science as their lifeline. Sweden is in western europeasia.
    They claim generationsl american starus as the virginia company will show they have no ties to the land. They may leave when they have a pleasant day.

  2. @rygetit811

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    The intergration era brought multiple generations of europeans who would not own land would not attend school would not embrace physical labor would not embrace american law would not rescind their claim as foreign europeans and they have eaten through entry level labor and digitalization labor that consumes resources to make technology that can never replace the soil "seed" food, water, human bodies consume as resources.

  3. @aprilblossoms4

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    I have to ask, why does his caste matter here? I don’t get why the western media keeps talking about this BS. I am a huge fan of PBS but seriously that’s the first word you start off with? Also it never amazes me to see Indian Americans just jump on this bandwagon without giving a second thought.

    Funnily enough he is not even a Hindu but a Sikh.

  4. @catatonicbug7522

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    It really sucks that people can be so evil to each other. At the same time, it's really great that, with a ton of work, laws and policies can be changed to grant freedom to those who should have had it all along.

  5. @debodatta7398

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    He was a racist, Casteist, colorist Punjabi who denigrated his fellow Indians in his scam to try and gain American citizenship and overall did nothing to move the scale on Indian immigration to America.

  6. @guru47pi

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Just goes to illustrate how stupid these legal distinctions based on race are.

    Similarly, 'white' used to exclude most Italians, Turks, and Arabs. An English person marrying a Sicilian was once illegal bc it was deemed interracial. Now, they're all officially 'white. '

    My hometown was roughly split between German protestants in the West, and Polish Catholics in the East. Cross marriages were rare until the 60's. We all now agree this was fucking stupid. Which racial or religious discriminations will our kids think are dumb and arbitrary? Hopefully all that remain.

  7. @alemtsegay8595

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Does Caucasusians are white skinned people? Is there a white colored people live in this planet? I wondered why people are fuming to worship skin color? God create human beings the way we are!!! No body is better than anybody!!! Just let's respect 🙏and love as we are,no more high or low we are all equal ❤!!!!!

  8. @Zeyev

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Thank you very much for this piece of USA history that I knew nothing about. My neighborhood in the Santa Clara Valley is now primarily Chinese and Indian. Two families speak two Indian languages at home in addition to English; other neighbors speak different Chinese languages at home in addition to English. This is a neighborhood that was primarily Croatian a century ago, long before my family moved here. We have come a long way; much remains to be accomplished. Thanks again.

  9. @MrToussaint523

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    I used to like PBS, now not so much. I don’t think it really being honest. I’m black and African descent, Asians are not the same as us or my Hispanic brother and sisters. Stop equating, they willingly want to become white and they willingly leave the culture they know, we (Haiti, Venezuela, Columbia, Cuba, etc) are having our countries destroyed by US policies and then denied entry into the same place that destabilized our homes. Asians, Jews
    And European people are white, it is what it is…..your not some distinct race when you argue against affirmative action using the same rhetoric as whites, your just dare I say…..cunning.

  10. @ChadGardenSinLA

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Fm the first brick & stitch; Thou shalt not kill – except an Indian, so as I may be free from the Crown. That is America's foundation & quilt upon all other laws & culture of our society was built upon. Want to really make a difference?! CHANGE the ELECTION LAW to allow all parties representation in government based on the %age of the votes vs winner-takes-all.

  11. @teddydavis2339

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Many Indians identify as Caucasian. I don't understand why they can't just be themselves. I still don't see what's so special about being white. I guess it's for more opportunities. It would be shameful for me to claim someone else's race.

  12. @k.s783

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    It’s misleading to frame this as racist. When you look closer at original government documents the concerns have to do with the immigrants skill set, years of education, work experience and language skills (or lack thereof).

    The government was concerned about how and if the immigrants would be able to make a life in the US and support themselves.

    The exact same concerns were raised about many Eastern European immigrants for the same reasons and they were white!

    It’s dishonest to frame it as racism when that wasn’t the issue. You can certainly manipulate the narrative and make it look racist by lying by omission.

    It’s also unnecessary to give current Indian Americans the idea that they were considered the “worst immigrants” when it has very little to do with their Indian heritage per se but rather with fears of integration. Keep in mind, the government didn’t have years and years of history to look back on like we do today seeing immigrants become successful and productive members of society. Something Indian Americans in particular have proven beyond expectations.

    These types of narratives potentially stirs up racial tensions, conflict and division. It can make immigrants feel like they don’t belong even though their past is very similar to the history of other immigrant groups who came here with less experience, money and skills etc than other immigrant groups.

  13. @Immortal.Thomson

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Have no problem with a country choosing to let in who they want. How many white people does India give citizenship to a year? Or China? My partner is Indian and she only get an OCR card, at best partners of Indian citizens only get a work visa never citizenship. Why does everyone like to beat up on old policies from white countries when Asian countries are still currently racist with their immigration policies.

  14. @basicbot7349

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    As much as I understand Thind's sad ordeal towards getting citizenship, the arguments used by his defence to make his case before the Supreme Court seem somehow even worse than the racist SCOTUS judges hearing it. Caste is a huge problem in India, it's not a lie that most Indians who have historically been able to successfully migrate to the US come from highly privileged upper-caste backgrounds but it is very hypocritical that they suddenly become susceptible and therefore intolerant to social exploitation, injustice and discrimination when they are at the receiving end of the stick.

  15. @MrOZ1117

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    Yeah the past was tough for immigrants. But what about the present? How is H1B and H4 visa not exploitation? Most Americans are unaware of even what this visa is. Why is it that people coming here illegally have a easier path to naturalization than legal H1 immigrants coming here for work. And nothing is being done about the plight of the H1 immigrants because very few Americans even care enough find out about this

  16. @AceofDlamonds

    October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm

    India consists mainly of two populations….indigenous darkskinned, small bodied population distantly related to East Asians and Andaman islanders and a larger, lightskinned Europid people originating in the west. There were probably multiple flows from Western Eurasia in prehistoric times and certainly a couple within recorded history. Most people in India are on a spectrum between those typological extremes with most of the population mixed in between somewhere, but yes, those relatively "pure" West Eurasian descendants can mark themselves as white and there's nothing wrong with that. The only issue is cultural acceptance.

Leave a Reply





This area can contain widgets, menus, shortcodes and custom content. You can manage it from the Customizer, in the Second layer section.

 

 

 

Newsletter

  • play_circle_filled

    92.9 : The Torch

  • cover play_circle_filled

    01. Cyborgphunk
    Grover Crime, J PierceR

    file_download
  • cover play_circle_filled

    02. Glitch city
    R. Galvanize, Morris Play

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    03. Neuralink
    Andy Mart, Terry Smith

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    04. Chemical happyness
    Primal Beat, Kelsey Love

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    05. Brain control
    Grover Crime

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    01. Neural control
    Kenny Bass, Paul Richards

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    02. Prefekt
    Kenny Bass, Paul Richards, R. Galvanize

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    03. Illenium
    Grover Crime, J PierceR

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    04. Distrion Alex Skrindo
    Black Ambrose, Dixxon, Morris Play, Paul Richards

    add_shopping_cart
  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 010
    Kenny Bass

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 009
    Paula Richards

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 008
    R. Galvanize

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 007
    Kenny Bass

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 006
    J PierceR

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 005
    Gale Soldier

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 004
    Kelsey Love

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 003
    Rodney Waters

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 002
    Morris Play

  • cover play_circle_filled

    Live Podcast 001
    Baron Fury

play_arrow skip_previous skip_next volume_down
playlist_play