How A Supreme Court Case Redefined Whiteness

In 1923, the Supreme Court revoked an Indian man’s citizenship which would go on to have devastating consequences for other Indian immigrants as well. The reason? He wasn’t white. What does this case, United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, tell us about the larger history of race, white supremacy, and citizenship in America?
Hosted by Harini Bhat, Ph.D., In The Margins is a series that covers the history they didn’t teach in school, exploring obscure, yet captivating tales that offer unique insights into their time and place.
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We are very grateful for our Subject Matter Expert Hardeep Dhillon, whose original research contributed greatly to this story. Dhillon is an educator and historian of US immigration & law. She earned her doctorate at Harvard University in History with a secondary field of study in Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies. You can read more about her work at: https://live-sas-www-history.pantheon.sas.upenn.edu/people/hardeep-dhillon
Erika Lee is the Bae Family Professor of History and Radcliffe Alumnae Professor at Harvard University. She has written “Made in Asian America: A History for Young People” and “The Making of Asian America: A History”. You can read more about her work at: https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/erika-lee-radcliffe-professor
Check out the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA): https://www.saada.org/
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@scott83gmail
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
They did not answer the real question. Why did they not fight to be accepted as blacks? Why did they need to be accepted as Whites?
@aniankh
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Very informative,… the caste system in India vs Anti-Black in America.
@Ruth-i5q1e
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
does anyone disagree that this is the US he wants to make great again. We are not going back.
@vaidyaramanan
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Kudos to Ms Bhat for a well researched piece of history and fluid presentation. Learnt many new things …
@shivampathak9576
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Funny for a country like the US to have such a history and nerve to do this after stealing the lands from the natives 😢
@rahulrajrai1996
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
This is why India will side with Russia instead of USA
@edgarmati8710
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
From the 1920 they made laws to make it hard to migrate to the USA because people of color were moving in and no longer just white.
@rygetit811
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
The bush era brought 3rd 4th mixed ethnicity europeans into a cityscape of resource defficient areas. Their labor is all in "non-essential services". They do no contribution to resources.
They adapt racial swede-science as their lifeline. Sweden is in western europeasia.
They claim generationsl american starus as the virginia company will show they have no ties to the land. They may leave when they have a pleasant day.
@rygetit811
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
The intergration era brought multiple generations of europeans who would not own land would not attend school would not embrace physical labor would not embrace american law would not rescind their claim as foreign europeans and they have eaten through entry level labor and digitalization labor that consumes resources to make technology that can never replace the soil "seed" food, water, human bodies consume as resources.
@Mobri
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
And now BIPOC communities are excluding Asians for being "white adjacent".
@TheLoyalKey
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Can we get a video about how all races are discriminate against black people please!? That’s a topic no one has yet to cover fr, I mean this is PBS !
@aprilblossoms4
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
I have to ask, why does his caste matter here? I don’t get why the western media keeps talking about this BS. I am a huge fan of PBS but seriously that’s the first word you start off with? Also it never amazes me to see Indian Americans just jump on this bandwagon without giving a second thought.
Funnily enough he is not even a Hindu but a Sikh.
@catatonicbug7522
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
It really sucks that people can be so evil to each other. At the same time, it's really great that, with a ton of work, laws and policies can be changed to grant freedom to those who should have had it all along.
@debodatta7398
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
He was a racist, Casteist, colorist Punjabi who denigrated his fellow Indians in his scam to try and gain American citizenship and overall did nothing to move the scale on Indian immigration to America.
@gurmanjotsingh2755
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Bhagat singh thind was my grandmothers uncle from her dads side and i am so proud to find more about him.
@guru47pi
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Just goes to illustrate how stupid these legal distinctions based on race are.
Similarly, 'white' used to exclude most Italians, Turks, and Arabs. An English person marrying a Sicilian was once illegal bc it was deemed interracial. Now, they're all officially 'white. '
My hometown was roughly split between German protestants in the West, and Polish Catholics in the East. Cross marriages were rare until the 60's. We all now agree this was fucking stupid. Which racial or religious discriminations will our kids think are dumb and arbitrary? Hopefully all that remain.
@alemtsegay8595
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Does Caucasusians are white skinned people? Is there a white colored people live in this planet? I wondered why people are fuming to worship skin color? God create human beings the way we are!!! No body is better than anybody!!! Just let's respect 🙏and love as we are,no more high or low we are all equal ❤!!!!!
@jameschou888
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Asians are White adjacent!
@Zeyev
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Thank you very much for this piece of USA history that I knew nothing about. My neighborhood in the Santa Clara Valley is now primarily Chinese and Indian. Two families speak two Indian languages at home in addition to English; other neighbors speak different Chinese languages at home in addition to English. This is a neighborhood that was primarily Croatian a century ago, long before my family moved here. We have come a long way; much remains to be accomplished. Thanks again.
@crypto_que
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Danielle Romero’s channel is getting strikes & shadow banned for posting stuff like this. In fact she posted this SAME EXACT story last year.
@sivarohitk8154
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
useless topic
@MrToussaint523
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
I used to like PBS, now not so much. I don’t think it really being honest. I’m black and African descent, Asians are not the same as us or my Hispanic brother and sisters. Stop equating, they willingly want to become white and they willingly leave the culture they know, we (Haiti, Venezuela, Columbia, Cuba, etc) are having our countries destroyed by US policies and then denied entry into the same place that destabilized our homes. Asians, Jews
And European people are white, it is what it is…..your not some distinct race when you argue against affirmative action using the same rhetoric as whites, your just dare I say…..cunning.
@41_balisingh20
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Major correction: The guy was a Sikh and not a Hindu
@ChadGardenSinLA
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Fm the first brick & stitch; Thou shalt not kill – except an Indian, so as I may be free from the Crown. That is America's foundation & quilt upon all other laws & culture of our society was built upon. Want to really make a difference?! CHANGE the ELECTION LAW to allow all parties representation in government based on the %age of the votes vs winner-takes-all.
@teddydavis2339
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Many Indians identify as Caucasian. I don't understand why they can't just be themselves. I still don't see what's so special about being white. I guess it's for more opportunities. It would be shameful for me to claim someone else's race.
@k.s783
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
It’s misleading to frame this as racist. When you look closer at original government documents the concerns have to do with the immigrants skill set, years of education, work experience and language skills (or lack thereof).
The government was concerned about how and if the immigrants would be able to make a life in the US and support themselves.
The exact same concerns were raised about many Eastern European immigrants for the same reasons and they were white!
It’s dishonest to frame it as racism when that wasn’t the issue. You can certainly manipulate the narrative and make it look racist by lying by omission.
It’s also unnecessary to give current Indian Americans the idea that they were considered the “worst immigrants” when it has very little to do with their Indian heritage per se but rather with fears of integration. Keep in mind, the government didn’t have years and years of history to look back on like we do today seeing immigrants become successful and productive members of society. Something Indian Americans in particular have proven beyond expectations.
These types of narratives potentially stirs up racial tensions, conflict and division. It can make immigrants feel like they don’t belong even though their past is very similar to the history of other immigrant groups who came here with less experience, money and skills etc than other immigrant groups.
@blackbuddhaa
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
HE IS A SIKH NOT HINDU
@GecOh77
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
When they say make America great again this is what they are talking about
@Immortal.Thomson
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Have no problem with a country choosing to let in who they want. How many white people does India give citizenship to a year? Or China? My partner is Indian and she only get an OCR card, at best partners of Indian citizens only get a work visa never citizenship. Why does everyone like to beat up on old policies from white countries when Asian countries are still currently racist with their immigration policies.
@MoncœrCoyoteSmith
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Indentured Servants — my family came this way. They married an African American. Now, I am Afro-Asian American.
@basicbot7349
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
As much as I understand Thind's sad ordeal towards getting citizenship, the arguments used by his defence to make his case before the Supreme Court seem somehow even worse than the racist SCOTUS judges hearing it. Caste is a huge problem in India, it's not a lie that most Indians who have historically been able to successfully migrate to the US come from highly privileged upper-caste backgrounds but it is very hypocritical that they suddenly become susceptible and therefore intolerant to social exploitation, injustice and discrimination when they are at the receiving end of the stick.
@deedeedixon712
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
History is so crazy sometimes.😆😆😆😆😆😆😂😂😁😁
@annacherish5734
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
😂😂😂😂 are light skin blacks white? 😂😂😂
@blueb4829
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
I'm glad to see that he kept wearing his religious turban and didn't feel compelled to abandon his culture to become an American.
@MrOZ1117
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
Yeah the past was tough for immigrants. But what about the present? How is H1B and H4 visa not exploitation? Most Americans are unaware of even what this visa is. Why is it that people coming here illegally have a easier path to naturalization than legal H1 immigrants coming here for work. And nothing is being done about the plight of the H1 immigrants because very few Americans even care enough find out about this
@AceofDlamonds
October 6, 2024 at 1:57 pm
India consists mainly of two populations….indigenous darkskinned, small bodied population distantly related to East Asians and Andaman islanders and a larger, lightskinned Europid people originating in the west. There were probably multiple flows from Western Eurasia in prehistoric times and certainly a couple within recorded history. Most people in India are on a spectrum between those typological extremes with most of the population mixed in between somewhere, but yes, those relatively "pure" West Eurasian descendants can mark themselves as white and there's nothing wrong with that. The only issue is cultural acceptance.