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Why women’s ice hockey has a higher concussion rate than football

Vox | April 20, 2026



When college athletes play the same sport, women report concussions more often than men.

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In college, women’s hockey players are reporting concussions at a higher rate than male hockey players. In fact, female hockey players are reporting a higher concussion rate than nearly all sports sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). In several studies, female hockey players have reported concussions more often than men’s college football, and at a rate that is comparable to men’s college wrestling and men’s college ice hockey.

Compared to sports like women’s tennis or women’s basketball, hockey is faster, played on harder surfaces, and involves more collisions, which partly explains the high rate of concussions but doesn’t account for the fact that female athletes are reporting more concussions than male athletes who also play hockey. In fact, several surveys have demonstrated that, besides hockey, female athletes consistently report a higher concussion rate than male athletes playing the same gender comparable sport (e.g basketball, soccer, softball/baseball).

The reasons why are unclear, but this video highlights some of the plausible factors, including: gender bias, reporting bias, differences in style of play (for example, body checking is allowed in men’s hockey and is illegal in women’s hockey), hormonal differences (progesterone is of particular interest to researchers), neck strength, and differences in the structure of nerve fibers called axons.

To help understand how these factors might influence the concussion rates, this video features interviews with University of North Carolina researcher Zachary Kerr and retired US Women’s Hockey player Josephine Pucci, who ended her career following several concussions. To hear her story of how she came back to win a 2014 Olympic Silver Medal while playing on the Harvard Women’s team, make sure to watch the video above.

Resources:

Headway Foundation: http://headwayfoundation.com/
PINK Concussions: http://www.pinkconcussions.com/
CDC Heads Up Initiative: https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_prevention.html

Sources:

Concussion Surveys:
2007 epidemiology (Journal of Athletic Training):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941297/
2010 7-year review of women’s ice hockey injuries (Canadian Journal of Surgery)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858376
2012 study (Journal of Neurosurgery):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199425
2014 survey (NCAA):
https://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Concussion%20%20GOALS%20Exec%20Summary_Feb_12_2014_FINALpost_0.pdf
2014 research paper on injuries in women’s ice hockey (Current Sports Medicine Reports):
http://bit.ly/2EHXLOk
2015 epidemiology (The American Journal of Sports Medicine):
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0363546515599634?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

Further Research:

2014 research on neck strength (The Journal of Primary Prevention):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24930131
2014 research on hormonal influence (Journal of Head Trauma):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220566
2017 research on nerve fiber structure (University of Pennsylvania/Experimental Neurology):
https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2017/november/women-may-be-more-vulnerable-to-concussions-because-of-leaner-nerve-fibers-penn-study-suggests
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29104114

Hockey Manuals:

USA Hockey Checking Manual:
http://assets.ngin.com/attachments/document/0042/6379/Checking_Manual_FINAL.pdf
USA Hockey Introduction to Body Contact:
http://assets.ngin.com/attachments/document/0020/3311/IntroductiontoBodyContact.pdf

Additional Sources:

2007 women’s Hockey epidemiology (Journal of Athletic Training):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941287/
“Concussion” Chapter 15, “Sex Differences in Sports Medicine” by Dunbar and Putukian, 2016.

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Comments

This post currently has 46 comments.

  1. @Vox

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    A note on the data: Many of you have noticed that the survey cited at 0:24 contradicts the fact that female athletes report concussions at a higher rate than men playing a comparable sport. However, despite that data point, the general understanding, established through many years of study by different researchers using a variety of methods, is that women do report higher rates of concussion. Although I wasn't able to squeeze all the data in the video, I've listed several sources in the description above. If you'd like to learn more, make sure to check them out. Thanks for watching! -Mac

  2. @whocares_bear

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    What about figure skating? Those people doing triple axels and especially the couples with the men swinging the women around with no helmets or gear. I saw one women get dropped on her head, it's a miracle she survived

  3. @whocares_bear

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    They should make better helmets for women and hockey/football players of both genders should be required to do safe neck strength training exercises so that they're not so rocked when they hit their head

  4. @whocares_bear

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    0:28 The study literally states that Men's hockey reports more concussion than Women's hockey yet they focus on Women's hockey reporting more concussions than Football even though both Mens AND Women's hockey reports more concussions? 🤷‍♂🤷‍♀

  5. @brianmcclain7861

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    well they report more but they dont check maybe cause woman cant take a hit and is weaker so they get more and thats why they have full face cage these woman wont to be equal to men give them reg helmet and let them check each other

  6. @talentedhypocrite2082

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    I think buddy checking in women’s hockey start much later in the development I don’t think they learn how to protect them selves when someone’s going to hit them I lay my stick up in front and if the person wants to skate into my stick and hurt themselves I have no problem I’ll take it to many crosschecking over getting hit in the head every day

  7. @davetheisen9426

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    I’m not sure if the same can be said for hockey or women’s hockey but from my experience playing high school and college football 90% of concussions go unreported people want to keep playing

  8. @Nevermind121

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    I know there’s discussion in Roller Derby (a women’s full contract sport) about the fact we don’t know if the helmets we use are optimal for the abuse we put them through. I’d be really curious how the concussion rate compares with women’s hockey though, because there are a lot of similarities but it’s also full contact with checking included.

  9. @JVASB1

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    Women aren’t more knowledgeable, it comes down to men just don’t report due to stigma of being weak. But that is changing also money and scholarships are big incentives not to report.

  10. @danimal4202danimal

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    Because there's men who feel their "manhood" is tarnished by reporting injury, where women don't have that stigma. Furthermore, men's sports have waaaaay larger financial ramifications for injury than women's sports, so an injury a man has may go unreported.

  11. @shrkypeek

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    The source showing that women had more concussions than men is from 2007. A time when hockey was much much slower than in the current years. That explains atleast partly why men get more concussions than before. The reason why women got more back then makes no sense to me. Also, the data showing if people had had a concussion makes me belive that a lot more women get concussions, but a single man gets more. In that case my theory is this. Men get concussions in certain roles becouse of their playing style and women get concussions due to unfortunate events like accidental hits out of the blue. If you have any ideas on disproving or bettering this theory defenitely comment.

  12. @qwertzuiopqwertzuiop2107

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    I couldnt take the video seriously after how theyve spliced together 2 videos at 2:06 trying to make it looks like it was the womens shot breaking the glass. I dont think women are weak, but how can u trust a source if they do stuff like this. Honestly just shameful

  13. @KevinSar

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    anyone who follows combat sports know, knockouts happen because of whiplash, the stronger and thicker and shorter your neck is, the less likely you will to get whiplash and get knocked out. Longer, thinner necks, means more chance of concussion.

  14. @eggpon6819

    April 20, 2026 at 10:46 pm

    Definitely, I think it's a reporting thing, not to stereotype but women are better at it, I hate to admit it, but there was alot of times I should have went to the hospital but didn't just because I didn't what to deal with everything. Verses my sister every little thing she was at the doctor no cap.

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