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What is human nature? | Big Think

Big Think | April 14, 2026



What is human nature?
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People will always have a measure of self-deception.
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Steven Pinker:

Steven Pinker is an experimental psychologist who conducts research in visual cognition, psycholinguistics, and social relations. He grew up in Montreal and earned his BA from McGill and his PhD from Harvard. Currently Johnstone Professor of Psychology at Harvard, he has also taught at Stanford and MIT. He has won numerous prizes for his research, his teaching, and his nine books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate, The Better Angels of Our Nature, The Sense of Style, and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress.Steven Pinker is an experimental psychologist who conducts research in visual cognition, psycholinguistics, and social relations. He grew up in Montreal and earned his BA from McGill and his PhD from Harvard. Currently Johnstone Professor of Psychology at Harvard, he has also taught at Stanford and MIT. He has won numerous prizes for his research, his teaching, and his nine books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate, The Better Angels of Our Nature, The Sense of Style, and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress.
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TRANSCRIPT:

Question: What is human nature?

Steven Pinker: Well one example of how I’ve used ideas from other fields in my own thinking is a chapter I wrote on the emotions and how the mind works, which was heavily inspired by the political theorist and game theorist Thomas Schelling who wrote a remarkable book in 1960 called “The Strategy of Conflict”. Schelling was kind of a Doctor Strangelove among other things – a nuclear strategist of how you think through survival in a case in which you have to figure out what the other guy is thinking, about what you’re thinking, about what he’s thinking, about what you’re thinking and so on. One of the things that Schelling pointed out that there are certain realms in which a measure of irrationality and lack of control can actually work to your advantage. So for example if you’re negotiating with someone … Let’s say you’re negotiating over the purchase of a car, and you’d be willing to pay anything between $20,000 and $30,000 – of course the lower the better. And the car dealer would make a profit if he sold it at any price between … over $20,000. So you’d both be better off settling for a price in that range rather than walking away from the deal. On the other hand within that range the closer it is to $20,000 the better it is for you. The closer it is to $30,000 the better it is for him. How do you arrive at a figure? Well it turns out the advantage goes to the person who’s more irrational, stubborn, hotheaded – the person who would walk away from the deal unless he got the maximum. So a salesman who says, “I’d like to sell it to you for $20,000, but I’m not allowed. My supervisor isn’t here. He won’t authorize me to go under $30,000” will get the better deal. On the other hand the customer who says, “Well I’d love to but my hands are tied. The bank won’t loan me more than $20,000 so I can’t pay more than $20,000”, that lack of control worked to his advantage. What’s the analogy to human emotions? Well often humans do things that seem to be irrationally stubborn. They vow undying devotion to their friends. They fight a duel or retaliate if they’re insulted. They’re hotheads in other words. This is an example showing that it may not be irrational in some spheres of human life to be a hothead. The hothead is the winner. This is also true with threats, for example. The problem with issuing a threat is someone calling your bluff. If they insult you, or invade your space, or chat up your girlfriend and you say, “If you do something like that I’ll beat you up,” well you could get hurt beating someone up. You might be better off just letting them have your lunch money or your girlfriend than getting killed in the process. Get a person that can anticipate that, and therefore they can act with impunity. How do you defend yourself against that dynamic? Well if you’re such a hothead that it would be intolerable insult if someone took advantage of you, and you had to retaliate even if it did you harm in the long run, paradoxically that might be the most effective deterrent. They can’t call your bluff if it isn’t a bluff.

Read the full transcript at https://bigthink.com/videos/what-is-human-nature-4/

Written by Big Think

Comments

This post currently has 44 comments.

  1. @erdemdogangun1296

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    "SECOND REMARK
    Man has two faces: one, concerning his ego, looks to the life of this world. The other, concerning worship and servitude to God, looks to eternal life. In respect to the first face he is a wretched creature whose capital consists only of the following: of will he has only a partial power of choice like a hair; of power, a weak ability to acquire; of life, a fast dying flame; of a life-span, a fleeting brief spell; and of being, a swiftly decaying small body. Together with this, he is one delicate, weak individual out of the innumerable individuals of the numberless varieties of beings dispersed through the levels of the universe.
    In respect of the second face and especially his impotence and poverty, which are turned towards worship, man has truly great breadth and vast importance. For the All-Wise Creator has included in man's nature an infinitely vast impotence and boundlessly huge poverty, so that he can be an extensive mirror containing the innumerable manifestations of an All-Powerful and Compassionate One Whose power is infinite, an All-Generous All-Rich One Whose wealth is boundless…."
    Words – 330, by Said Nursi

  2. @erdemdogangun1296

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    "…belief connects man to the All-Glorious Maker; it is a relation. Thus, man acquires value by virtue of the Divine art and inscriptions of the dominical Names which become apparent in him through belief. Unbelief severs the relation, and due to that severance the dominical art is concealed. His value then is only in respect to the matter of his physical being. And since this matter has only a transitory, passing, temporary animal life, its value is virtually nothing. We shall explain this mystery by means of a comparison:
    For example: among man's arts, the value of the materials used and that of the art are entirely different. Sometimes they are equal, sometimes the material is more valuable, and sometimes it happens that five liras' worth of art is to be found in material like iron worth five kurush. Sometimes, even, an antique work of art is worth a million while the material of which it is composed is not worth five kurush. If such a work of art is taken to the antiques market and ascribed to a brilliant and accomplished artist of former times, and announced mentioning the artist and that art, it may be sold for a million liras. {[*]: See, page 295, fn 19.} Whereas if it is taken to the scrap-dealers, the only price received will be for the five kurush's worth of iron.
    Thus, man is such an antique work of art of Almighty God. He is a most subtle and graceful miracle of His power whom He created to manifest all his Names and their inscriptions, in the form of a miniature specimen of the universe.
    Words …"
    by Said Nursi 23th Word- 319

  3. @Become_strong-c2o

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    In a capitalist society, a culture of greed and competition is encouraged and people will inevitably adopt characteristics to suit this society. When human nature is stripped of its material conditions, only then can we answer this question without it being skewed to one ideology or another.

  4. @govindagovindaji4662

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    1st section 3:48: What exact or specific "mystery" of human nature is unlocked in any of those cases~? I missed the mystery. The first two examples just show "strategy" one can use: to at least pretend to place the perceived control another thinks you have, onto someone else They all just seemed logical – especially the last one – if your a person who "just can't/won't stand for or oblige" someone else taking your lunch money, you're gonna go ballistic. What is mysterious there? It is already stated that the person "just can't" do that. It is the makeup or personality trait that a person drifted to over years in the making of it. No mystery there.

  5. @flintberg3183

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗨𝗽 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲

    The United Nations recently celebrated the International Mother Earth Day as a reminder to protect the environment. Heat waves, droughts, fires and heavy rains that cause severe flooding have become more frequent in many parts of the world due to climate change, which affects the entire worldwide population.

    The Earth is facing a “triple planetary crisis,” warn UN officials. Climate disruption, nature and biodiversity loss, and pollution and waste are the main areas of concern regarding the current state of the environment. This year, the Earth Day’s theme is “Invest In Our Planet,” so what would humanity's best investment for the planet be?

    We need to start by cleaning up the planet. There is no place on Earth where the air and water are clean, and that's a real problem. In theory, tackling this issue should be our priority when it comes to taking action to improve the dismal state of our planet. But let’s not fool ourselves. Such a plan alone will solve nothing.

    It will only help the international organizations to justify their own existence. They tick off "done" to raise as much money as they want, and that's it. If we do not improve relations between us, we will not be able to achieve the great and ambitious improvement in nature that we want and need to attain globally. We will never achieve a good result through bureaucratic, mechanical measures.

    There are a lot of people sitting in their comfortable offices profiting from the environmental crisis and demanding money and respect. They keep flying from one end of the world to the other on all kinds of missions to make a lot of noise with what they are "doing" and which everyone "needs to hear" as if that alone means something is happening, but in practice we see no real progress. The Earth must also be cleansed of them, of these people who engage in useless campaigns that only cause harm because they mislead the world, leading it away from the real solution.

    The cleaning of the planet should start inside out. If we do not clean the planet from within, and continue with our reckless behavior and the selfish nature of our hearts as before, nothing will change for the better. The immense sums invested in environmental initiatives should be directed to spreading an educational process aimed at improving the way we relate to each other.

    Humans are the most developed and influential factors of all of nature's levels: still, vegetative, animate and human. Since we occupy the highest level in nature, positively affecting the environment, the climate, and nature in general can be achieved by reaching positive relations among us. On the contrary, by letting our divisive drives tear apart human relations, we also destroy our surrounding environment, the very nature that our lives depend on.

    The more we humans are able to correct ourselves by changing our divisive attitudes toward each other into positive attitudes of mutual support, encouragement, mutual responsibility, and reciprocal concern, the more we will receive positive feedback from nature. And the more we develop without making this necessary correction, the more negative feedback we will receive from nature, as we have experienced in the form of natural disasters, pandemics.

    It is of utmost importance for us to organize our thoughts, desires and qualities so that we understand that saving the environment and a shift to a better future depend solely on changing our attitudes to each other: from antagonistic egoism to positive, compassionate and cooperative relationships.

  6. @markward3981

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    There is a large push to try to deny everything metaphysical in the scientific world . Believe it or not this wasn't always the case. Some questions are in the realm of the observable universe others are not. Let science deal with it's work and let theology deal with it's work.

  7. @jp929rr1

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    Of course this is true, which is why stupidity is invincible, in a cooperative game, the idiot firmly believes he's right. In a coop game irrationality is an advantage, the person that predicts the outcome backs down.

  8. @ipellly

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    I don’t know how to phrase this but what is the nature of human nature, like is it virtuous is it evil is it greed or proliferation or is it just necessary. Is it even able to be described in so few words?

  9. @dasfear726

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    Humans are evil destructive self absorbed creatures that will drive ourselves to extinction because the planet wont be able to sustain our massive numbers and pollution

  10. @TheDorkgetreal

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    But what about those who DO NOT have what you believe every human would never get rid of? For example. You said a human will always believe they are right. I've never believed that. Hell I've been more wrong in life then anything, but accepted that as a lesson. I've never felt virtues at all times either. I'm no saint for real. I hate everyone and id cheat to get through life to live. So what about those people? The people who do not fit in the "Human nature" category by not being a normie basically. I've always hated people that say its "human nature" to do something. No it's not! Not every human thinks or reacts or believes the same shit. I've never did the same as others. I give 2 fucks about sex. I don't care about riches, but I understand money is something we gotta have and hell yeah I want more. I don't think the 1% is elite, they are just smart and have a bigger advantage start. Anyways.

  11. @coosoorlog

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    Human nature is itself a plastic concept. Sure, we can talk about bare biological realities, but that's a far cry from the "human nature" that's referred to when arguing for or against social systems and political ideas. Being human is so much more than what our genes predicate: we have language and collective learning. Most of what we consider human is not carried over by genes but by language. It's coded in culture, in social conventions, in social structures, in narratives… memes are more important than genes. Genes give you bad eye sight? Screw that, here are some spectacles, or there's a friend and a society to help you along your way despite your bad sight. It is certainly against the biological human nature for humans to fly. We don't care. We want to fly, we've figured out how to do it, we will fly.

  12. @jamalkhalil77

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    "So, set your face to the Faith uprightly, this (faith) being the nature designed by Allah on which He has created the mankind. There is no change in Allah’s creation. That is the straight faith, but most of the people do not know."
    Qur'an 30:30

  13. @babarqureshi9634

    April 14, 2026 at 10:37 pm

    Bonjour Monsieur. Nous sommes désolés de dire que vous avez été un employé terrible et que nous allons vous virer! Tous les contacts seront rompus à 18h. Si nous avons commis une erreur, tant pis.

    Merci de votre collaboration.

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