menu Home chevron_right
NATIVE CULTURE

The Indigenous History of the United States–A Summary

Indigenous History Now | March 14, 2026



The many histories of America’s Indigenous peoples are long and fascinating. From advanced horticulture to complex societies, from resisting foreign aggression to adapting to new opportunities, from asserting their humanity to moving boldly into the future, join me on a journey of over 20,000 years of history.

If you like our work and want to help the channel thrive, consider supporting us on Patreon!
https://www.patreon.com/indigenoushistorynow

Resources for MMIWG issues
Maze of Injustice: The Failure to Protect Indigenous Women from Sexual Violence in the USA – https://www.amnesty.org/fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AMR510352007ENGLISH.pdf
National Indigenous Women’s Resource Center – https://www.niwrc.org/
Native Women’s Collective – https://www.nativewomenscollective.org/
Rising Hearts – https://www.risinghearts.org/
Sovereign Bodies Institute – https://www.sovereign-bodies.org/
Urban Indian Health Institute – https://www.uihi.org/projects/our-bodies-our-stories/
Coalition to Stop Violence Against Native Women – https://www.csvanw.org/mmiw/

1978 US House report on Native child removals – https://www.narf.org/nill/documents/icwa/federal/lh/hr1386.pdf

Aztlan Historian has a great 3-part series covering the topic of disease in the Americas – https://youtu.be/T5fgoQdL84A?si=P1nei41kVSd3wlVl

Sources and suggested reading
Indigenous Continent: The Epic Contest for North America – Pekka Hämäläinen
Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California’s Natural Resources – M Kat Anderson
1491: Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus – Charles Mann
Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants – Robin Wall Kimmerer
Lakota America: A New History of Indigenous Power – Pekka Hämäläinen
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present – David Treuer
El Norte: The Epic and Forgotten Story of Hispanic North America – Carrie Gibson
Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nations – Charles Wilkinson
Native Seattle: Histories from the Crossing Over Place – Coll Thrush
Handbook of North American Indians – Smithsonian Institution
My notes from college

Timestamps
00:00 Intro
01:51 Naming terminology
06:50 First habitation of the Americas
10:08 The development of agriculture
12:07 Silviculture or tending the land
14:41 Pre-contact population and trade
16:16 Wheels
18:30 The first mound builder societies
21:17 Pre-contact metallurgy
22:24 Hopewell and Mississippian societies
24:06 Cities of the Southwest and Great Plains
25:43 The Northeast
27:05 The Southeast
27:51 The Great Plains
29:43 The Southwest
32:15 Indigenous migrations
33:06 The Great Basin
34:05 The Plateau
35:05 California
36:17 The Pacific Northwest Coast
37:26 The Alaskan Subarctic
38:23 The Alaskan Arctic
39:55 European contact and disease
46:35 Middle grounds and French colonialism
52:32 Spanish colonialism, Pueblo resistance, and Horses
57:07 Firearms, the Beaver Wars, and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy
01:01:26 Settler colonialism
01:06:35 English colonialism, settler violence, and Native resistance
01:09:57 250 years of colonialism
01:11:29 The Trans-Appalachian West and the US way of war
01:15:04 Deportations and the laws that made them
01:20:17 California missions
01:24:40 Texas and the Comanche
01:26:28 The Pacific Northwest fur trade and Russian colonialism
01:27:57 Westward expansion and violence
01:29:39 Extermination of the bison
01:31:17 The Dawes Act and allotment
01:33:44 Indian boarding schools
01:38:09 The Indian New Deal
01:41:09 Termination and relocation
01:44:33 Removal of Native children and ICWA
01:50:30 Sterilization of Native women
01:53:48 Red Power
01:56:54 Alaska Natives and ANCSA
01:59:27 Modern Indigenous sovereignty
02:00:57 Missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls
02:02:55 Conclusion

Written by Indigenous History Now

Comments

This post currently has 20 comments.

  1. @hiera1917

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    1:12:42 — reliance on irregular, paramilitary forces to aid in deportation and colonial occupation to bolster the security of the u.s. state apparatus… plus ça change… (🧊🧊🧊)

  2. @discivilized

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    This has been my first look into the history of indigenous culture in this country. To say that I am nonplussed and appalled would be a COLOSSAL understatement.
    I am also filled with rage.
    I mean, what the actual fu$*k?!
    How much more evil can you get?
    The boarding schools?
    The slaughter of bison, women and children, just….omfg, theres too much to list.
    I WILL NEVER BE A PATRIOT OF THIS SHIT COUNTRY AGAIN.
    That said, I don’t feel guilty.
    White guilt solves nothing.
    It only makes matters worse (if thats possible).
    I didn’t do any of that atrocious, heinous shit, and neither did you.
    I can’t speak for you but, I have nothing but reverence for indigenous peoples.
    And, in fact, I think they are “better” human beings than us. We should be working to be more LIKE THEM.
    If we did, it might, maybe, (probably not) save us from extinction—which is a cliff we are RAPIDLY approaching with alarming speed.

    Thanks for the education man…..✌🏻👊🏻

  3. @LetxiaC

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    Question: aren't these earthen Mounds then the OLDEST KNOWN MAN MADE STRUCTURES… IN THE WORLD??? I googled other structures but they're dated 3500 BCE. Why is that?

  4. @UmQasaann

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    The unwashed settlers occupying so-called "America" will soon be a minority in 2052. Lol white boys claim to be the most attractive bruh can't even save their own race!

  5. @thetobyntr9540

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    Good video, I just disagree with your conclusion that humans weren't what drove the megafauna extinct. I get that it wasnt necessarily anyone's fault, and we can't blame modern people for the actions of their ancestors, but this is a big thing among less scientifically literate people. If someone like an average american who hated science class hears that we didn't kill the mammoths they can easily lump it in with the stuff saying we dont need to worry about how we affect the environment. Also people believing that we certainly didn't do it will start saying it more to people who already say "the indians weren't better since they drove things extinct too" and this just aggrivates the issue to confuse people and start inflammatory arguments. It's unlikely among viewers of this channel, but as people talk about it someone will hear it wrong easily, and then run with it.
    I admit that we really don't know, that's actually the most important part that people need to get to understand science, but we're pretty sure they made it through a whole bunch of "ice ages". The last deglaciation was a relatively normal one, and the same kind of extinctions happened in totally different landmasses following human introduction. It doesn't need to be immediate to be caused or driven by us. Life is generally more persistent with each exposure to the same pressure assuming a genetically diverse population, so they should have survived. The pressure of climate change was a main factor, but that alone couldn't do it, it had to be a reduction in population by some other means that made sure their numbers weren't maintained.
    It's most likely that bull mammoths were often alone, and being bigger made them the prime choice for calories when surviving the winter as a human. Mammoths were just big hairy aisan elephants, and all modern elephants live in herds of females that raise the young while males will be expelled or leave as they grow up. They mostly just interact with females to mate. Sometimes the males group together, but a lot of time they're on their own, and in the past they could deal with predators easy because of their size, but humans are different, and the only elephants to survive to modern times were the ones that evolved with denser human populations near the tropics for like 3 million years and werent geographically isolated. This is the first time apes with advanced tools first became common. Seperation in time between human arrival and extinction fits the idea that hunting removes genetic diversity, since the effects of inbreeding stack over time. It generally it takes a harsh pressure on a few fronts to erase a population of anything once established, and below a certain population density there's just not enough diversity to adapt and survive long term without help. Being less likely to find a mate hinders adaptation, and this is big when they already reproduce slowly. The fact that you REALLY need calories in the winter will reault in much more reliance on hunting, that takes out genetic diversity, settlements and farms are direct competition for resources and space, and all that on top of climate change leads to a situation almost exactly like what's driving up extinction rates today. They could survive in less populated areas longer, and humans might stop specifically going after them once they become so uncommon that few people have experience with them, but wrangel island was still cleard by people from mammothless places. Humans are smart enough to take advantage of a situation when we need to survive, and everyone does that. The whole mammoth was so useful that it'd be dumb not to take an easy hunt at any time of year even, and one can feed a small group of people for months. As humans advance in population size they become smarter, and figure out new things faster, and it just snowballs until hitting some limit on population size, at least until we figure a way around it.
    We got better at hunting roughly continuously, and we would have had the easiest time hunting their healthiest members who serve the role of spreading genetic diversity from herd to herd since they were alone most often, and we weren't too scared about spooking herds into traps. If you do that to any population without stopping then it will collapse. There just wasn't much they could do except slowly shrink in number everywhere that didn't have ample food or space.
    Mammoths today can communicate verbally in some way, and you don't even need that for them to generally be aggressive to humans, and survivors of human attacks would probably not allow any humans it sees to live, just imagine if rats did that to your friends and family, or imagine being one of the last of your kind and seeing that happen, what would you do to the rats? An eliphant is at least as smart as a 4 to 8 year old human, this isn't overanthropomorphizing, we have very similar instincts and we both rely on others for survival. Humans would definitely be better at getting revenge though.
    Theres no reason to say the humans at the time didn't respect the sacrifice of the animal's life when hunting to survive, and mammoths did survive in the Americas much longer than other places, but that's probably because the americas took longer to reach the same population densities, although they probably didn't have any idea that they could go extinct.
    After the initial extinctions from human expansion we cause ecological disturbance that mimics the role of those megafauna we drove extinct, and the extinction rate went down a bit where humans had been a while, until european contact.

  6. @cheesydawg371

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    Sooooo much valuable information in this video I love it! Well love in a sense of how well you made it, less so for the emotions I felt (mostly red hot rage). My favorite parts were your real examples of land being given back and everything pre-American expansion (at most in school I can remember the mention of indigenous "Hunter gatherer societies" and a few tribe name drops).

  7. @hilohahoma4107

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    Overall, with the exception of several ommisions and misnomers in regards to the stories attributes and other cultural points I look at this compilation of our peoples horrific experience with foreign intervention as pretty concise. I would imagine that to attempt to cover the whole story of us original Turtle Islanders experiences against euro encroachment is a very daunting task. Thank you for attempting to tell this story. ❤

  8. @billsadler3

    March 14, 2026 at 5:57 am

    Terms: Primal Peoples of the North American Continent will cover all the names listed. Indigenous Eco-Terran Hominid might also pass. What is most important, as you mentioned, is check with the recipient. Me, I just call people by their first name, friend, and nowadays with the subject matter, Hey Cousin!

Comments are closed.




This area can contain widgets, menus, shortcodes and custom content. You can manage it from the Customizer, in the Second layer section.

 

 

 

  • play_circle_filled

    92.9 : The Torch

  • play_circle_filled

    AGGRO
    'Til Deaf Do Us Part...

  • play_circle_filled

    SLACK!
    The Music That Made Gen-X

  • play_circle_filled

    KUDZU
    The Northwoods' Alt-Country & Americana

  • play_circle_filled

    BOOZHOO
    Indigenous Radio

  • play_circle_filled

    THE FLOW
    The Northwoods' Hip Hop and R&B

play_arrow skip_previous skip_next volume_down
playlist_play