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Are Possible Worlds Real? Modal Realism Part 1 – Philosophy Tube

Philosophy Tube | April 12, 2026



What are possible worlds? What does it mean to say something might have been true? Watch Part 1 of our discussion on David Lewis’ modal realism to find out!
Part 2! http://tinyurl.com/pdxgkjt

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Suggested Reading:
David Lewis, On The Plurality of Worlds

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Comments

This post currently has 38 comments.

  1. @diegoninosanchez1930

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    I think that what makes a modal statement true is the fact that accepting it doesn't cause a contradiction. In that sense, I think that the proposition "I could have been ginger" which is true can be transformed to
    It wouldn't be a contradiction to affirm that Abigail is ginger
    In this actual world that's of course true and that's why modal statements are true, but that doesn't mean necessarily that there's an actual world in which Abigail is ginger.

  2. @smartarsetube

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Abigail, did you actually read that book you were waving about? I downloaded a free pdf, and reading section 3, Paradise on the Cheap?, I find just the most awful unwarranted rant against ideal worlds, one that falls for some of the very worst fallacies. Lewis bandies insulting weasel words and strawman arguments, and frankly shows himself to be an unreliable witness. Added to which the entire concept of Modal Realism is ridiculous. How is it that the philosophical world has been taken in by it? Lewis demonstrates that he himself has no inkling in the least about any concepts pertinent to an ideal world, right from the off when he denies any recourse to Leibniz, claiming that "Anything I might say about Leibniz would be amateurish, undeserving of others' attention, and better left unsaid." For Lewis to fail to comprehend that some argument similar to The Identity of Indiscernibles is a requirement for explaining the world of the ideal, whether Leibniz himself intended it as such, or not, is for Lewis to exclude himself from any comment on the matter.

  3. @carlosantoniolabate1644

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    I am writing an essay about conterfactual history, and with my limited formation in Philosophy and Logic I had enormous trouble trying to understand Lewis, Kripke, etc; let alone discover how to use it in my work. You saved my essay!!! thanks

  4. @Soulfire39

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Ooooooooooh, I immediately started thinking Multiverse, eh. Infinite Universes with infinite possibilities in them. I don't know, either, whether that would be countably infinite or un-countably infinite.

  5. @AstarothFox

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Isn't discussion about possible worlds (being definitionally barred from having causal interaction with our reality) make them a paradox, as our discussion of them could be a causal interaction?

  6. @soggybogwitch

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    I realize I'm commenting on a 6 year old video, but the statement "possible worlds can't affect this world" isn't necessarily true though right? If the other worlds were real, and I could imagine them, couldn't they affect my behavior and therefore influence this world through my actions? Like, I might imagine a world where I quit my job and become a circus clown, and that might influence me to actually quit my job and become a circus clown. So this possible world did in fact interact with and change this world, through myself, the rookie circus clown

  7. @Ghost-pv9rz

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    One way to resolve this I think is to say that modal statements are never, in actuality, true. If the universe is deterministic then it is not true that things could be any different than the way they are. Modal statements would then be only conventionally useful as thought experiments, but not actually true statements.

  8. @damianbylightning6823

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    It's difficult to take this guy seriously, when you know his later work is completely bananas – and grossly immoral. This shmuck moved on to become a recruiting sergeant for Antifa – using consequentialist arguments in favour of left-fascist terrorism.
    Talking of which, does Olly know the fascists were actualists? LOL!

  9. @elseradtke5969

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    But if we have a world where dallas buyers club has never ben made and Leo won best actor we also can very well imagine another world where dallas buyers club has never ben made and Leo didnt win best actor. So what is the point in having a statement that is true and false in the same time? Also, we dont have any causality in this statement wich makes it even less usefull. Maybe in our first possible world dallas buyers club has never ben made but Loe won the best actor because he just did better or was ginger and the jury happend to like that.
    I dont see any use in a model wich makes ever statement about possible worlds true and false at the same time.

  10. @jean-pierredevent970

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Modal realism and multiverse theory seem very related, if not the same to me. The universe seems only so fine-tuned because all other possibilities exist too "somewhere" , of course if stable enough.

  11. @qwertychat

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Does modal realism not deny the existence of Counterfactual Statements or at least Truth, and is this not a theoretical problem for it (why believe a theory on the basis that it correctly explains something it simultaneously denies existing as e.g. Truth is surely abstract)? Great video! I would like to see philosophers apply possible worlds theories to the metaphysical concept of a life e.g. as a possible (finite) set of experiences: a subjective possible world. Despite the importance of "How should I live my life?", no one seems to have seriously asked the question "What is a life?"

  12. @badasunicorn6870

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Hot take; modal statements aren't true. The proposition that x could have been y if z was different isn't describing the real x, y or z since all of these exist only as they do in the actual world, or as an example: I might have never written this comment isn't true because whoever I am is the person who wrote this, and this comment is written, and the actual world is the world in which I wrote the comment. There is no world where I didn't, and saying I might not have is to suppose a possible world exist, and it doesn't, so the statement is false. I'm not comitted to this way of thinking but it makes sense to me.

  13. @BuddyLee23

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    There is no possible world which we could ever be aware of which could not effect our actual world. Anytime we are aware of a possible world, that realization effects our thinking and perception in this world. In some ways it reflects back upon the Thomas Theorem, in that anything we believe to be real is as good as being actually real. Thoughts affect our behavior and actual world, and vice versa.

  14. @Pfhorrest

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    I hold to a slightly different theory of possible worlds, wherein, first of all, physicalism is necessarily true, so all possible worlds are physical worlds, and secondly, possible worlds do not contain time, because other times and other possible worlds are exactly the same kind of thing ontologically: the present is the actual world, and other ways that the physical universe could be arranged constitute other possible worlds, some of which bear a relationship that we call "causal" with the present, actual world, a relationship that does not necessarily create a unique ordering of possible worlds, which is to say that there may be multiple possibilities that are future to the actual world, and even multiple possibilities that are past, although because the causal relationship is entropic in nature, there are necessarily fewer pasts than futures, and over any measurable stretch of time, different possible pasts rapidly converge, while different possible futures diverge freely.

    This also results in a picture that is entirely equatable with the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, despite your claims to the contrary.

  15. @ScepticalElephant

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    I think a P.W. is a logically consistent math concept like a triangle but with the properties of a world. Also all P.W. are a math set of all logical concepts that are worlds. The set of P.W. is like a set of all logically consistent geometrical shapes, but instead of shapes u use worlds. *The properties of a world could be defined many ways, as long there is no equivocation it is OK to define them differently (and as long as the definition of a world include the actual world otherwise it would be a useless set most of the time)

  16. @Majin2001

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    If a man or woman were to stretch out their arms, their wingspan representing all 4.543 billion years of geological existence, and they just scratched a little clip off of their fingernail, they just wiped out all 200,000 years of human existence. They pyramid building kind.
    The iPhone kind.

    A deck of cards can be arranged 10^67 ways.
    Humans are even more specific.
    The fact that your parents had sex with each other is as chaotic as a red tomato or a purple one.
    The true realm of existence is when we find ourselves unifying the appreciation for the sciences, the application of the sciences and the devotion to the science, including the math and the music theory.
    Combine all of that with sheer gratitude of being alive.

    I understand everything you’re going over, but I think it’s silly that we can think these abstract things in our minds when 630 million people don’t have water.
    The biggest thing ever on the surface of this here Earth was the nuclear cloud of the Tsar Bomba, made and deployed by the Soviet Union.
    It had an elevation of 209,000 feet.
    For comparison, Mt. Everest is only 29,000 feet tall.

  17. @ryleexiii

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    Would there be possible world where the laws of physics don't exist? Or perhaps where a possible world where a possible world in itself doesn't exist? To what extent can possible worlds explain the abstract?

  18. @fialalala6903

    April 12, 2026 at 4:07 am

    How can one be justified in believing that possible worlds actually exist? The statement: "It is possible that it is raining right now" is made possible because there is a POSSIBLE world in which it is raining. If that particular possible world, in which it is raining, actually exist then the statement (from my point of view) looses the quality of being possible. It becomes a statement that is simply true in one world and false in another. The truth of the statement in one world (that exist) can not refer to possibility in our world because it now IS another world, not just POSSIBLE versions of the actual world, but other actual worlds, nonidentical with our world. Redefinition of my question: How can we uphold possibility if we actualize possible worlds?

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