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Sex and Christianity: A Tumultuous History – Diarmaid MacCulloch

Alex O'Connor | September 2, 2025



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– VIDEO NOTES

Diarmaid MacCulloch is an English academic and historian, specialising in ecclesiastical history and the history of Christianity. Since 1995, he has been a fellow of St Cross College, Oxford; he was formerly the senior tutor.

– LINKS

Lower than the Angels: A History of Sex and Christianity: https://amzn.to/44YPzoH

This episode was shot in the Oxford Union’s Goodman library. The Union is currently fundraising for restoration. Info: https://bastion.oxford-union.org/homepage Donate: https://bastion.oxford-union.org/fundraising/donation/11

The Oxford Union on YouTube: ‪@OxfordUnion

– TIMESTAMPS

0:00 Marriage Was Not About Love
08:13 Is Sex a Duty in Christian Marriage?
13:57 Celibacy in Christianity
21:06 Adam and Eve Conspiracy Theories
23:50 Homosexuality in Scripture
37:27 Is Celibacy a Christian Virtue?
45:32 Divorce in Scripture
48:03 How Translation Changes Scripture
54:04 What Happened to Sodom and Gomorrah?
56:06 Will Catholicism Become Progressive?

– CONNECT

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The Within Reason Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/within-reason/id1458675168

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——————————————

Written by Alex O'Connor

Comments

This post currently has 24 comments.

  1. @santiagoaldana1060

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    For all my atheist friends, I want you to answer this question. I am 17 years old, and yesterday I attended a Catholic retreat. During the whole retreat, I kept thinking that God wasn’t real and that religion is ultimately a falsehood. When the retreat was coming to an end, a priest asked us to pray for a boy who had torn the cruciate ligaments in his knee. Five other people and I prayed for his knee (I felt quite hypocritical while praying). After we prayed, the boy stood up and walked. He hadn’t even been able to put weight on his right foot, and after the prayer, he threw away his crutches and started walking. The injury had happened two weeks earlier, and the doctor had told him that he wouldn’t even be able to put weight on his foot until November, let alone walk. What would my atheist friends do if, after praying in the name of Jesus, someone was miraculously healed, as I witnessed yesterday?

  2. @TomboyGirl-n8r

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    Islam is not conservative islam is spriritual

    Islam is agianst oppression and injustiness
    Surat al imran (Allah does not like the wrongdoers.”)

    Surtal ghafir ( the Day the wrongdoers’ excuses will be of no benefit to them. They will be condemned, and will have the worst outcome.1 )

    Islam is against se*al immorality
    Because islam want us to let go of the animalstic bodily desires that cage us
    And To focus on god only
    And the mind and the heart and the soul

    Surat al hajj (Have they not travelled throughout the land so their hearts may reason, and their ears may listen? Indeed, it is not the eyes that are blind, but it is the hearts in the chests that grow blind.)

    Surat al shams (Successful indeed is the one who purifies their soul,)

    Why the punishment is harsh for immorality
    Because u will be dealing with narcisistic animalsitic individuals who will only care to have their $ex supply no matter the mean is ( grape, harrasment, incest,..etc)
    Instead of using their heart, mind, and clarifying their soul !
    ….

  3. @TomboyGirl-n8r

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    Nope the problem is classist not religious
    Rich ppl can do what they want and poor ppl would be arrested and condemned
    King henry the eight was adulterous yet common ppl at his time would be arrested and punished if they did the same thing
    King louis xvi was gay i think
    But common ppl at his time would be jailed and punished if they did the same thing
    And this problem exist is the so called conservative countries like muslim countries
    That the western media spread false info about it
    That muslim women in these countries are oppreessed by their families
    Although the problem is in the government not with ppl
    Its not men vs women as westerns think
    You see women in muslim countries can dress freely as much as they want only if they were rich
    And ppl can be lgbt or atheist
    and can talk about lgbt and atheism freely and safely
    only if they were rich
    Its not islam or oppressive families like how western media foolishly and on purpose portray the issues that we have
    the problem is classism !

  4. @maggiegilbert412

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    Hello Alex, I’m a new fan of yours (originally stumbling upon you through jubilee’s surrounded) and I couldn’t be happier that I’ve found your content! It haven’t heard someone speak so intelligently and poetically on these topics as young as you. Thank you for all you do and illuminate.

    Xoxoxoxo Maggie

    Ps I’ll take the opportunity on the sec video to just say I’ve got a massive crush on you Alex 😘

  5. @kathleenglasscock1835

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    In referencing the Bible, Mr. O’Connor, please be intellectually honest. Matthew 19:8 was asked of Jesus by his opponents. Why did Moses allow divorce? The answer Jesus gives harkens back to creation. Matthew’s report of his answer including the allowance for divorce after adultery are credited to Jesus. Witnesses from the different gospels are going to remember, record and emphasize different aspects of Jesus words. It actually speaks to the authenticity of the accounts. You like to use slavery as a big objection to Biblical moral behavior because of its handling in scripture. It’s dishonest to ignore the fact that slavery was a fact across the globe. The Bible emphasizes that humans were created in God’s image and so should be treated in a manner that is not degrading. Christianity was not in sync with the world’s low value of women and slaves. As for God toasting Sodom for inhospitality, that’s just not true. Genesis 19:5

  6. @jamesbruister1566

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    Please repute the spoken words of Jesus. Not the miracles performed by Jesus not the barbaric nature of the old testament but the spoken words of Jesus. Please philosophical debunk any of the spoken words of Jesus as being morally wrong.

  7. @heiro9611

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    The issue I’ve had with the modern idea of marriage in the modern church with virginity and celibacy and ideas of that nature is that Christians don’t seem to really define what a marriage actually is. They make it a big deal that you have to get married before you can have sex and that doesn’t really make sense to me. Because a Christian would recognize a court house marriage as a viable way to do this but a court house marriage isn’t something I would call divine in nature. So is it about being legally married or divinely married. And why would it be important to god for people to be legally married when that probably wasn’t even a thing when the Bible was being written.

  8. @Muhammad1792-j4d

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    I studied both bible and quran and i found that quran is just arabic version of bible both are shits and weird, both bible and quran supports abuse, killing children etc. I am ex Muslim from tamil nadu-kerala (india) border. Now i embraced shaiva siddhanta and yoga which gives me peace and happiness

  9. @maxdonaldson861

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    Brilliant episode. As an atheist, I can't comprehend how someone can know as much about the history of Christianity and scripture as Diarmaid MacCulloch does and not lose faith. I found this interview further reaffirmed my atheism. Nevertheless, for me, most of this interview cleared the religion itself of a lot of blame and instead placed the blame on various churches and people. Diarmaid MacCulloch's ability to not look for the answers he wants to find in his research is very refreshing (I think he does a much better job of it than John Lennox, for example) and his ability to communicate his interpretation of literature is so helpful.

    Edit: I have learned that Diarmaid MacCulloch describes himself as "a candid friend of Christianity".

  10. @bennozuiddam

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    The interpretation of David exceeded is really a non starter from a philological perspective. The Hebrew may be suitably vague to be subjected to anything, but the ancient Greek translation has a word that indeed means completion, but has no sexual connotation whatsoever. It is about completing a "great completion" of an act of wailing or weeping, in other words for considerable time, as they are not going to see each other again. (καὶ ἔκλαυσεν ἕκαστος τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἕως συντελείας μεγάλης). These cheap sexual interpretations of everything are a baby-boom, not an ancient, phenomenon.

  11. @ludovicoc7046

    September 2, 2025 at 2:07 am

    I can't believe someone as learned as MacCulloch still falls for the kindergarten-level argument "Jesus never said anything about homosexuality." Because Jesus never specifically mentioned sexual acts performed between two men, then we are to believe that he would have condoned such behavior? So, Jesus and Paul and Augustine, et al. would be OK with the act of sodomy–a man putting his penis and ejaculating into another man's rectum? MacCulloch's argument sounds like nothing more than an apologia for his own homosexuality.

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