The data behind our biggest environmental problems | Hannah Ritchie: Full Interview
“It’s not that I don’t think these problems are big or that they’re urgent, but I can start to see that these problems are solvable.”
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Climate doomerism is everywhere. But there’s still hope, says data scientist and self-proclaimed “urgent enthusiast” Hannah Ritchie. Here’s her full Big Think interview, in its entirety.
00:00:00 Tackling our biggest environmental problems, with Hannah Ritchie
00:00:19 Has your thinking on climate change evolved over time?
00:01:51 What is driving climate change today?
00:05:12 Are the goals set by the Paris Agreement still achievable?
00:06:40 How do we solve climate change?
00:08:39 What impact does renewable energy have on land use?
00:10:51 Is mineral extraction required to increase renewable energy?
00:12:51 How do we transform our transportation systems?
00:16:34 What can we do to transform construction?
00:19:07 Who will be hit hardest by climate change?
00:20:45 How would you define sustainability?
00:22:57 What can individuals do to progress sustainability?
00:26:33 What impact does food production have on our planet?
00:28:57 How do we build a more sustainable food system?
00:31:57 How do we increase global crop yields?
00:34:04 Are we reaching a point of no return for harvesting?
00:35:15 How do we address soil degradation?
00:36:02 Will land usage increase with population growth?
00:37:21 Does eating locally reduce your carbon footprint?
00:38:58 Is organic food better for the environment?
00:40:16 Is vertical farming a viable solution?
00:42:08 Should we “demodernize” our farming methods?
00:43:14 How do dietary changes impact our environment?
00:45:26 Is meat an efficient source of nutrition?
00:47:20 Is it possible to maintain a plant-based diet?
00:48:50 Does everyone need to go vegan?
00:49:59 What could the future look like if we make these changes?
00:53:38 Why is plastic so prevalent?
00:55:39 Why is plastic waste a problem?
00:57:38 Where does plastic waste come from?
00:59:26 What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
01:01:00 Should we stop using plastic?
01:03:26 Is recycling a solution to our plastic problem?
01:05:16 How do we fix our plastic waste problem?
01:10:06 What can we as individuals do to prevent plastic waste?
01:11:08 Is overpopulation an environmental problem?
01:12:56 What does the overpopulation argument get wrong?
01:15:30 Why is the messaging around overpopulation damaging?
Read the video transcript ► https://bigthink.com/series/full-interview/hannah-ritchie/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=youtube_description
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About Hannah Ritchie:
Dr. Hannah Ritchie is Senior Researcher in the Programme for Global Development at the University of Oxford. She is also Deputy Editor and Lead Researcher at Our World in Data. Her research appears regularly in the New York Times, The Economist, and the Financial Times, and in bestselling books including Steven Pinker’s Enlightenment Now. She is the author of Not the End of the World.

@markdoherty9205
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
A year down the line and a real mixed bag of comments.
Which is good. Agree or disagree, it remains on the agenda.
One year later, in our British heatwave looking at a high possibility of a good few crop failures, one way or another we can adjust at least.
@celestialteapot309
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Reducing emissions increases global average temperature. Consult the work of James Hansen, Kevin Anderson and Stephen Ramsdorf, then study the Jevons paradox and population overshoot. This year is the coolest year anyone will remember.
@elainebraindrain3174
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Problems are not solved just not mentioned, we are in an extinction. I believe the true info from Guy Mcpherson and few others.
@jatoxa
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Try to talk sense to a "rich" population where they gladly receive the goods and services scientific progress has provided but ignore all science that forces them to compromise. There are 3 billion overweight people on the planet and twice as many obese people as there are people starving and we're literally medicating them to stop them from eating themself to death rather than helping those who starve.
@cyndideweygary
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Really really. ..
@patrickkelly1195
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Oh no! Not Hannah 'don't worry – everything is going to be just fine ritchie again!? I'm sick of seeing her spout her nonsense without ever being asked any hard questions.
Do yourself a favour and watch Hannah's ingterview with Rachel Donald on Mongabay to see what happens when Hannah meets a climate journalist who knows what she's talking about. (Hint: It's not pretty).
Ritchie is just a mouthpiece for Bill Gates, who funds her. No-one ever asks her why her views align so neatly with Gates's.
For Pete's sake…if you're going to have her on your show…ask some decent questions.
@RileyStump-l3j
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Please edit around 3:30 year 2898 on the chart should read 1898
@MrPaddy924
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
I recently read Hannah's book 'Not the End of the World' and found Hannah's case for optimism from our dire predicament quite strenuous and unconvincing, and she constructed a lot of straw men in the book in order to make her points. Her use of data in her book was selective to say the least. I also noted a number of inaccuracies (or at least significant divergencies from my own understanding of our predicament).
She has also struggled to justify a lot of the positions she adopted in her own book. The section on de-growth was particularly ill informed, and the idea that renewables can replace fossil fuels, simply fanciful. I also struggled with her 'war' metaphor in the book, which I found bizarre. Her claim to absolute apolitical objectivity also, clearly indefensible.
I don't concur with Hannah's definition of a 'doomer'. I regard myself as a doomer in that I think I have a realistic understanding of our predicament and tend not to seek solace in cognitive dissonance or denial. I try to be a grown up and face the grim reality of our predicament. That doesn't mean that I will ever give up hope in our ability to address some of the worst impacts of climate change – far from it – but I do push back against baseless optimism, which I regard as dangerous. Panic is an important human emotion as it can help us to conjure up the motivation and will to act on our worst fears. Buffering people from panic is unhelpful. In respect of the climate crisis, too much panic is not our problem, not enough panic is our problem.
It's a shame, because I so want to encounter a positive narrative on the climate crisis in which I can believe. Hope is so difficult to come by, that I really willed Hannah to provide a convincing space for hope, but alas, I struggled to find it in her book. In order to make her somewhat plaintive case for optimism, Hannah found herself contorting and making use of accounting tricks and statistical sleight of hand. These strategies needed to be exposed. They are the same strategies used by climate deniers to such great effect.
I think Bill Gates, and perhaps Elon Musk, had much more influence on this book than Hannah would ever admit. The book is a techno-optimist, neoliberal manifesto and highly ideological and, despite Hannah's assertions to the contrary, very political. She seems to be suggesting that there is a 'business as usual' route to addressing climate change and the book repeats the myth that 'we have the technology in place to solve this' – an assertion that, for me, has never stood up to scrutiny. I found it a troubling book.
@itsallgood21
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Love this. And I love thinking how to decarbonise our housing grid. Killer work Hannah!! I keep telling everyone to read and watch your message 🔥🔥🔥💪🏽✨
@itsallgood21
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
How does this not have 1 billion views.
@abbiejoyguabna5320
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
are you greenwashed? 10 billion people? seriously? I think the last two questions, she took it to the extremes. I hope she was more open-minded with this topic. I mean, she should read the recent IPCC report. I also used to think overpopulation is not a problem but I'm currently rethinking it because of that report and the fact that animals are going extinct while humans are not, some countries are but generally not. Like some of them that used to be in the millions, the Javan Rhino, are now in the two digits. We? no. I've no idea who this doctor is but she failed to mention biodiversity instead of just the economics of it all – which disproportionally benefits humans than other species
@brandonvereyken4869
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
This is why it is so dangerous to know some things, maybe even b an expert in somethimg bit kmow little about many others. She says very little that is wrong but doesnt seem to realize that
1. In greenhouses and im earths past eras CO2 was in the THKOUSANDS of ppm and in both cases more CO2 gave HIGHER plant growth, hence higher levels of oxygen simce plants exhale it, and HIGHER and more varied animal life and MUCH MUCH more land suited for agriculture. Higher CO2 levels also gave us MUCH more of earth that humans would WANT to inhabit since subtropical climates extended to the arctic circles. Thats climate change I can get behind! Dinosaurs loved it. There is nothing "natural" about an earth this cold. Ice ages suck and we are in one geologically speaking. The next downswing to where a 2 mile thick glacier covers Berlin London and New York would have started already but thank God man HAS produced some CO2 increase to stall the cooldown. It will still occur at some point, agriculture and OUR culture will suffer, lots of plants and trees will die and LOTS less of the earths surface will b pleasantly livable as it was 10000 years ago. Amd the right solution for energy is ALL nuclear, safer and more environmental than anything else. Anyone who does not know that is environ- MENTAL
@altar7885
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
What's the performance of solar panels on a roof in Scotland, I wonder
@Otabgyam
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Look at the data then I think…, I think…. and lot of lack about qtts regarding metals, uranium, etc available.
@hansmeyer403
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
REPENT, REPENT!
Poor Hannah suffers from Climate Phobia… Maybe a good psychiatrist could have done the trick?! Instead she started a Reformation of the Climate Church, becoming a protestant. And the delusion goes on, now under the banner of HOPE.
But mankind must repent.
A modern day Calvin… 😣
@hansmeyer-r6o
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Poor Hannah suffered from Climate Phobia…
Maybe a good psychiatrist could have done the trick ?!
Instead she started a Reformation of the Climate Church, becoming a protestant.
And the delusion goes on with under the banner of HOPE.
A modern day Calvin…
😣
@hg6996
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
"The history of a +3 °C future" is the title of a recent publication in which the authors expect 3°C warming by 2050.
I guess we're toast.
@l.belcher1687
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
I'm here because I've just seen one of her graphs being used by a climate change denier to make a cherry picked argument that "it's just summer" so it's good to see she's not a dafty.
@vanceleon9811
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
One of the things that worries me is the AI boom. Will bring the next charge in economies, create efficiencies across the board, increase productivity etc. but the power consumption will obliterate our previous usage. The need for nuclear and powerful sustained electricity grids just got more challenging.
@Les.Dayana
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
I dont understand how this crucial information only has 38K views!! that just proves that social networks are used to distract us from the REAL problems, instead of utilizing the platform to teach, inform , and influence on us to fight for our precious planet!!
@buzzervideo1998
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Climate change might not “end the world,” but it’s already ending lives, homes, and biodiversity.
@T.R.75
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
you know the real reason why people dislike doomers so much? theyre right.
@saintcyberchaos265
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
your optimism is a danger for the world, being careful with your words in the current situation is getting us all killed
thank you for nothing
@HakuCell
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
5:12
@BuffTrueNorth-17
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
7:16 — I haven’t read the book, and am only 7m16s into the video. But what strikes me immediately (and what I would be vigilant about) is the — seemingly and up to now — lack of concern for lag. Climate-only data, which makes it ‘partial’ because it is ‘response-only’ data, reveals system behaviour in the absence of lag. When it is up against inertia and feedbacks delays — which it is in our case because of the deep oceanic response for one, and because of the peoples understanding and willingness to change for another — lag is driving your car from a rear-view mirror perspective. Now it’s a fine perspective if your backing up, or if you’r going forward very slowly on a path which is essentially straight (small changes in direction at low frequency, on a dry road with nothing pushing you sideways). But we’re on a path with large changes ahead, we’re accelerating into it, the road is increasingly slippery from unrest and diverging interests, and both vested interests and political financing are constantly pushing us sideways. So past climate-only data is blatently insufficient to come up with a forecast.
Courage! Let’s keep with it… for a while.
16:30 — I haven’t read the book, and am only 16m30s into the video. I don’t understand why someone who advocates data seems to shy away from it the build up of his argument. Keeping with broad percentages (as percent of total/global land use) doesn’t make it quantitative when it’s the incremental usage of a specific kind of land that counts. Using ill conceived yardsticks (as in years for EVs to break even with ICEs instead of driven kilometers) doesn’t make it quantitative. As for the recycling of PVs or of the wind blades, there is no reference to the currently envisaged means of achieving it: China, for one, openly talks about “recycling” it’s PVs at the end of a 1rst PV-life by reusing them in developing countries, thus exporting the recycling problem further away from developed nodes of the industrial network at the end of the 2nd PV-life. Qualitative motherhood & apple-pie won’t make it. Especially if we keep the apple-pie conversation way up in the sky.
I’m not sure I’ll view this to the end.
Maybe I should. Maybe the good stuff is right around the bend.
But my feeling is I’m waisting my time in “qualitativizing” approximations.
@peterp5099
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
For solving climate crisis we would need a global economy based on cooperation. We don’t have this, our global economy is based on competition. And in a world economy based upon competition there just cannot be enough cooperation to successfully tackle challenges like global warming.
Yes, technically its possible, our global economic system just doesn’t provide the means to turn that possibility into reality. Therefore it will not happen.
@tomcat1370
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
In a debate with Chris Williamson Hannah says, and I quote "we are losing species at a faster rate than we were in the 5 previous mass extinctions". She agrees that we are in a 6th mass extinction event (according to her data). Goes to show even she could not give a monkeys. Otherwise not mention this in this interview.
@saeedmhanna7002
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
I've read the book and watched this interview, and two main issues stand out. First, the author appears to cherry-pick topics. For example, water security—despite its enormous global impact—is not discussed at all, whereas overfishing, though important but significantly less consequential, receives an entire chapter. Second, by placing too much emphasis on individual responsibility, the author obscures the broader socio-political transformations necessary to address these challenges. Slavoj Žižek articulates this critique effectively in his article on the "recycling superstition," highlighting how focusing excessively on personal action diverts attention from systemic change.
@DickvanDump
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Too many ads
@douglasengle2704
August 12, 2026 at 1:42 pm
Being of cognitive age in 1990 I watched and studied the US newscasts and documentaries on global warming that was rising at 2/10°C per decade and appeared to be accelerating reaching a reported high of 1.1°C in 1991. Then no reports on global warming in 1992 and 1993 with statements saying the studies were looking for hidden atmospheric abnormalities. In late 1994 it was announced that no atmospheric abnormalities had been found. In early 1995 it was announced that global warming had suddenly paused and fallen in 1992 to 1°C. NASA reports global warming being at 1°C in 2025. Global warming has remained around 1°C between 1992 and 2025 varying a few 1/100°C. The Arctic region is warming, but not so much in recent years.
The cause of global warming is not known in 2025. It is scientifically impossible for greenhouse gas behavior to cause global warming. Earth's water vapor saturated greenhouse effect absorbs all the greenhouse radiant energy from the earth with greenhouse gases within a few meters of the radiating surface to a maximum of 20 metes from the radiating surface adding 10°F (5.55°C) to earth's average temperature and can't have its overall effect changed. This was taught in US high school science when I was in high school.
Greenhouse radiant energy is a lower frequency than far inferred light behaving as a high frequency electromagnetic radio wave loosely interacting with the lumpy electrostatic fields of greenhouse gas molecules slowly draining it down to zero within a few meters of the radiating surface. In the lower atmosphere no greenhouse radiant energy can be measured farther than 20 meters from the radiating surface. After being absorbed the greenhouse energy's further heat transfer is by convection i.e. gas molecules bumping into each other. Earth's atmosphere is too cold to radiate greenhouse energy. When depictions of greenhouse radiant energy are using photon interaction that is an incorrect depiction. Greenhouse radiant energy behaves as a high frequency radio wave.
Carbon dioxides share in earth's water vapor saturated greenhouse effect: Water vapor has a CO2e of 18 and is on average is 1% of the troposphere. Carbon dioxide has a CO2e of 1 and is about 0.04% (400 ppm) of the atmosphere. 1.00%/0.04%=25, water vapor is 25 time more present than carbon dioxide. Multiplying by water vapor's CO2e 18 X 25 = 450 CO2e for water vapor and 1 CO2e total for carbon dioxide. All the other greenhouse gases total to little less to about the same as carbon dioxide or 1 CO2e. On average carbon dioxide has 1/452 share in earth's greenhouse effect.
About 40% of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered to be from human activity. 1/452 X 0.40 =0.000884955752212 or 0.09% share, less than 0.1% share, of earth's water vapor saturated greenhouse effect is from human caused atmospheric carbon dioxide. Earth's water vapor saturated greenhouse effect is from water vapor the other greenhouse gases can not change its overall effect.
Climate Change pseudo science claims earth's greenhouse effect is never saturated and on average adds 33°C to earth's temperature. That makes for totally absurd predictions. A 30°C day with average 1% tropospheric water vapor would be 30°C. The pseudo science climate change greenhouse effect is adding 33°C. Without it the temperature would be -3°C. That same situation with 100% humidity that creates 4% atmospheric water vapor at 30°C would have the day temperature at 4 X 33°C -3°C= 129°C vaporizing all water in the area! The other greenhouse gases were not included in this calculation for clarity. They are only 1/2% share at 1% tropospheric water vapor and only 1/8% share at 4% water vapor.
This is why when the UN IPCC after for years being obsessed with human caused carbon dioxide causing global warming from the mid 1980s to 1995, with no mechanism given on how this could be, had the engineering scientific audience quietly giggling because carbon dioxide is an extremely well known gas. Then when in 1996 the UN IPCC suddenly stated it was carbon dioxide's greenhouse behavior causing global warming the engineering scientific audience was ROLLING ON THE FLOOR LAUGHING because it was so moronically scientifically impossible and the IPCC had gone on and on obsessed with human caused carbon dioxide causing global warming for years! The other aspect was that global warming had fallen to 1°C in 1992 had had no indication of rising and was likely falling a few hundredths of a degree Celsius.
The actual IPCC science report never actually comes out and directly states atmospheric carbon dioxide greenhouse gas behavior is causing global warming because the scientists don't want to get sued.