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Vikings, Ragnar, Berserkers, Valhalla & the Warriors of the Viking Age | Lex Fridman Podcast #495

Lex Fridman | April 10, 2026



Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sb
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

*Transcript:*
https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript

*CONTACT LEX:*
*Feedback* – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
*AMA* – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
*Hiring* – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
*Other* – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

*EPISODE LINKS:*
Lars’s Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/
The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120
Lars’s Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw
12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/
Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNi

*SPONSORS:*
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
*Larridin:* Measure AI adoption in your business.
Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/larridin-ep495-sb
*BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep495-sb
*LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep495-sb
*Fin:* AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep495-sb
*Shopify:* Sell stuff online.
Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep495-sb
*Perplexity:* AI-powered answer engine.
Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/perplexity-ep495-sb

*OUTLINE:*
0:00 – Episode highlight
1:17 – Introduction
2:37 – The start of the Viking Age
12:30 – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology
26:13 – Ragnar Lothbrok
35:40 – The Great Heathen Army
40:23 – Rollo and Normandy
50:34 – Viking religion and Valhalla
1:01:06 – Viking explorers
1:06:13 – Vikings in North America
1:19:35 – Vikings in the East
1:39:14 – Byzantine Empire
1:47:57 – History and human nature

*PODCAST LINKS:*
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

*SOCIAL LINKS:*
– X: https://x.com/lexfridman
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– TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman
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– Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Written by Lex Fridman

Comments

This post currently has 48 comments.

  1. @lexfridman

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sa
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
    0:00 – Episode highlight
    1:17 – Introduction
    2:37 – The start of the Viking Age
    12:30 – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology
    26:13 – Ragnar Lothbrok
    35:40 – The Great Heathen Army
    40:23 – Rollo and Normandy
    50:34 – Viking religion and Valhalla
    1:01:06 – Viking explorers
    1:06:13 – Vikings in North America
    1:19:35 – Vikings in the East
    1:39:14 – Byzantine Empire
    1:47:57 – History and human nature

    Transcript:
    https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:
    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:
    Lars's Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/
    The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120
    Lars's Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw
    12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/
    Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNi

    SPONSORS:
    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
    Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/larridin-ep495-sa
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep495-sa
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep495-sa
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep495-sa
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep495-sa
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://lexfridman.com/s/perplexity-ep495-sa

  2. @elizabethhoeppner8881

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    I am Scandinavian and went to a Scandinavian University in Parkland Washington. I made friends with one of the Alumni there online and he sent me so many wonderful videos of how the Viking ships are built and about what great explorers and merchants they were. They brought cats and peacocks to the far North and kept them in their Longhouses during long cold winters.

  3. @bjorno7573

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    The word “Viking” is often misunderstood as referring to a specific people or ethnic group, but historically its meaning is more nuanced. In modern English, “Viking” is used as a noun to describe individuals from Scandinavia during the Viking Age. However, the term originates from Old Norse, where the distinction between action and identity was clearer.

    The Old Norse word víking referred to an activity… a seaborne expedition, often involving raiding, trading, or exploration. To fara í víking meant “to go on a Viking expedition.” The corresponding term víkingr described a person who took part in such an activity. This suggests that being a Viking was not a fixed identity, but rather a role someone assumed temporarily.

    Importantly, not all Scandinavians were Vikings. Most people were farmers, traders, or craftsmen who never took part in such journeys. A man could be a farmer for most of his life and only occasionally “go Viking.”

    The exact origin of the word is still debated, but many scholars connect it to vík, meaning “bay” or “inlet,” referring to the coastal areas where ships could gather or hide.

    In summary, while “Viking” is grammatically a noun today, its historical roots lie in describing an activity. It was something one did, not something one inherently was.

  4. @ca11um284

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    Loved this! Can’t believe there wasn’t more talk about the Vikings TV show and the differences.

    Got to stop this perplexity bullshit though during interviews.

  5. @henrikscania-1st

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    The Blood Eagle really sounds brutal, and it is. On the other hand it is not out of the ordinary compared to what Christians did at the time and for centuries to come. Burning heretics alive comes to mind, but the English punishment for traitors, Hanged, Drawn and Quartered is probably worse and was used up until the 17th century. They didn't show the gory details in Braveheart.

  6. @OriginalPuro

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    Norsemen are still here, we're just sharpening our axes and waiting for the inevitable culture war in Skandinavia.
    We are also preparing our ships to go back to England and reclaim some land, it doesn't seem like Brits want to defend their country from the invaders so the land is up for grabs.
    If you are a Norseman, a Skandinavian, you understand, now put on some Wardruna music and get into the groove.
    We never left, we just waited.

  7. @Dunbarlo-m1u

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    Garbage, bro… What garbage… You are starting it there, what garbage… Serious, so shallow… That wasn't the beginning of the Viking bro 😛 I thought this was going to be like a real in depth deal like you folks do for other peoples, but instead you do some topical bullshit… That is like the worst start of telling about a people I have ever heard… See, to me that is discriminatory… These folks are discriminating against certain peoples in their podcasts… Lets start off telling about the Jewish people with them massacring people LOL! Lets start the Story of the Israelites at the Attack on the Midianites LOL! Ya, Savages they were, you know LOL! Total Utter Garbage, and discriminatory…

    You do understand you are talking about people here, not some Boogie Men, Those are my people brah, and that is how you start you stories LOL! Utter Garbage… Seriously, I could call this Jewish Garbage… You just dehumanize my people bro… I bet 10 dollars they wouldn't want me to do that to them, right… You wouldn't want me to Dehumanize you would you 😛 Total Scum Bags…

  8. @HawaiiLimey

    April 10, 2026 at 12:12 am

    It's important to be open to new evidence to prevent becoming dogmatic. Scott Wolter identified that the Minnesota Kensington runestone was carved in 1362, the Knights Templar artifacts discovered at Oak Island are also irrefutable.

  9. @RevelAndRepent

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    Just started playing AC Valhalla again, funny timing. One thing I have always thought about though in regards to longevity of empires is that war and conflict are almost necessary to keep the empire sharp and ''trim the fat'' so to speak. Much like a necessary evil and unfortunate reality of human life.

  10. @DorchesterMom

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    His name isn’t the thumbnail and the video title displays so long I had to click down to find the guest’s name. Surely an oversight but he deserves better visibility ❤

    This is my favorite interview of yours in a long time – thank you Lex! More history chats 💯 ❤

  11. @friscostreetstories5403

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    It takes 3 days, in good weather, to sail from Denmark on a Viking lond ship aka Dragon boats. I've don't a lot of research and can't find much info on the actual voyage and what it entailed. They sat on a open deck with a tarp covering them. Sometimes the tarp only covers a small area. I gathered this from old drawings. The lesser known stories are the Viking attacks on the coast of the Mediterranean sea and their attacks on Paris.

  12. @Sandra_D.9

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    He mentions the Norman monks for the linguistic development of the English language and I am left to assume he meant starting with Latin and all variants afterwards, for the separation of words in the grammatical composition, which is new info to me, I didn't know that and will sure look it up as I find linguistic as a whole very interesting, and he also mentioned the tip on Ragnar Lothbrok having the surname suggest that the character is most likely a mythological creation for it's meaning, and how much there's more to the history of Vikings than what's portrayed and that however he does not mention the fact that in English and all Anglo Saxon nations therefore name the days of the week after the Pagan Gods of Scandinavian mythology and not Roman nor Greeks although they were the same and referred to the same forces of nature and with the same fairytale of story behind them, their names were different and the days of the week are named after the Scandinavian ones, what did not happen in the Mediterranean where when Christianised they removed all memories of Pagnism completely and the days of the week are named after number position after the Sunday day of almighty rest from all the chaos he/she/they was creating Monday thru Saturday, and in Estearn European languages I am not sure what they're named after and will have to look that up too, which I'll do straight after this as I'm now curious about that too as it goes. 😊

  13. @scottgreenawalt4807

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    Lex…what are you doing? you are reading Viking history from the internet to your guest, who happens to be an expert on the subject! He just sat there nodding his head. Ask him questions. Don't read to him about the subject you asked him to speak about. Are you getting some kind of kickback from Perplexity?

  14. @Dee-md5qn

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    Why does he keep saying England when it was the entire British Isles the Vikings established Dublin the capital city of Ireland? They were in outer Hebrides until the 12th century they conquered the British Isles not just England

  15. @Alex-rg2kk

    April 10, 2026 at 12:13 am

    Haven’t watched a video from this guy in a year or more

    This video was randomly recommended to me so I decided to check his past videos

    Very interesting how not a single one is talking about Epstein or the Iran war. Wonder why he’s not allowed to talk about these topics….

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