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The Bootstrap Paradox, Explained

Beeyond Ideas | June 16, 2026



What If the choices we made are not really ours? Or what if we are just caught in a time loop? This video is going to discuss the #Bootstrap paradox.

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Script:
When we study science sometimes there are paradoxes that come our way. They might look exciting but also confusing at the same time. We’ve seen movies like The Matrix, #Predestination, or perhaps The Netflix series #Dark. These make us question our understanding and beliefs. What If the choices we made are not really ours? What if we are in fact in a dream? Or what if we are just caught in a time loop? Today we are going to talk about such a paradox, the bootstrap paradox.

Let’s get to the basics first. What is the flow of time? To our current understanding, it is a continuous progress of events from the past that causes events in the present, which will affect events in future. Therefore, time always passes in a straight line, with the future completely dependent upon events of the past and the present.

Now imagine a boy named Albert who is a great patron of physics, like you and me. He has always wanted to meet his idol, Albert Einstein. Now, somehow he builds a time machine along with the greatest minds of the world. One night, he sneaks into the lab and uses the time machine to travel back in time, to meet Albert Einstein.

Now on reaching the time of Albert Einstein, he visits Einstein’s neighborhood to ask about him. Where is he, and how he’s doing. Little does he know, he understands that there was no Albert Einstein, ever existed in that residence. Even surprisingly, no one has ever heard of the name Albert Einstein. At first, he feels a little bit strange, what in the universe is going on.. Fortunately he remembers something. He carries a notebook containing all of Einstein’s theories and equations. Everything from E = mc2 to relativity.

Still being stuck in that world, he then re-writes the book in the name of Albert Einstein, an idol that has been a lifelong inspiration for him. And then, some scientists picked up his writing and got really intrigued by the theories inside. Over a period of time, those theories have been sensational and eventually, they take the world by storm. He becomes famous and now he understands that he is and has always been ‘the’ Albert Einstein.

So how is that possible? Without Einstein, Albert wouldn’t have been able to become a scientist in the first place. But without him there would have been no Albert Einstein ever existed. And this is the meat of this episode.

This paradox goes against our understanding of time. An event A in the past causes event B in the present, which causes event C in the future. However in this case, it is event C which has caused event A in the past. Meaning that it does not fit with the linear explanation of time. Traveling back in time would allow for some causal loops involving events, information, or people and objects, for which histories form a closed loop, and seem to arrive or emerge unexpectedly. This is the essential problem of the bootstrap paradox. The notion of objects or information that are “self-existing” in this way, is very often viewed as paradoxical.

And it doesn’t stop there. The bootstrap paradox also violates the law of free will. Do we really have a free choice to build the time machine or has it been ingrained in us in the first place. The most widely spread idea about it is a multiverse travel. Which says.. when a time traveler uses a time machine, they do not go back in time. Instead, they travel towards another multiverse, giving them the will to act freely in the other universe.

Another problem that the bootstrap paradox presents is that it violates the second law of thermodynamics. The entropy of the system will either remain constant or increase. So an object used in a time loop will eventually wear down with time. Suppose that the entropy is altered as we go back in time and hence the object is back to its original entropy. However, its entropy does not have a clear state since it doesn’t have a clear origin to begin with. And this sort of gives rise to new problems.

Therefore, paradoxes like the bootstrap and the grandfather paradox make many scientists like Brian Cox and Stephen Hawking believe that time travel is impossible. Hawking made this very clear in his books. He believed that there must be a law of nature to prevent time travel to the past. Time travel to the future is achievable and even clocks in space do that. But time travel in the past cannot be possible. It would simply go against the laws of nature. And in our case we discussed the time loop in which if we would be caught, it would violate all the laws of physics.

Written by Beeyond Ideas

Comments

This post currently has 35 comments.

  1. @bobtimster62

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    This video is a bit misleading. There are many problems one can point to with the Albert Einstein paradox example (e.g., there would be birth records of such a person having existed, etc.) Regarding the problem with the second law of thermodynamics, if one is talking about a physical object the argument can be valid, e.g., the object ages. (Although there are conceivable ways of getting out of this problem as well.) However, a cleaner example of the bootstrap paradox that does not have this problem is the following. Imagine a mathematician who memorizes a proof of some famous theorem in mathematics, after reading it in a mathematics textbook. . He then travels back in time and tells the proof to the mathematician who is credited with originally discovering it, and then returns to the future. The past mathematician then publishes the work as his own and is subsequently credited with it. The bootstrap paradox in this case: where did the information, i.e., the proof, come from? The future mathematician got the proof from a book, the past mathematician got it from the future mathematician, who got it from a book, and round and round. Notice that this circumvents the problem with the second law because no physical object makes the loop, only the information.

  2. @jamestagge3429

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    The problem with this time loop paradox is that it fails for the same reasons that the "bouning universe" theory does (that the universe expanded, stopped, collapsed to expand again, ad infinitum), proposed by far too many physicists. In that, the universe supposedly existed infinitely back and is open ended in the here and now so the infinite line traverses backwards from here, the context in which we ponder it. Of course we cannot go back to the other end of this line because there isnt one so there can be no means of consideration in the forward direction, that by which it is supposed to have extended.

    Consider…if we were to ignore that this line of iterations of the universe has no beginning end, to travel along its length toward the future, we would have never gotten here, ever. There is also no means by which this line of iterations of the universe could have been populated in the forward direciton. It would have to have been populated backwards, destroying the sequence of the theory, causing it to fail in this aspect as well.

    This also applies to the time loop in the video, being the means by which it also fails. In the video the man would have to have been going back in time to leave himself the book eternally. The progression of existence would then become stuck in that loop. Time could not have moved forward. Additionally, there could be no book for it would have had no author, no research done to generate its content. That this loop defies the cause and effect nature of such progressions, it would have made the book's existence impossible. The book's existence would merely have been "suppposed". Given the above, i.e., that time would have been stuck in this loop would have defied all the laws of physics by which the time machine and its effects were governed, i.e., the snake eating its tail.

    This is a ridiculous notion, rather sophomoric in fact. There is no such thing as infinity within the context of materiality. This is why pairing the concept with those of materiality never works and can produce only contradictions. Materiality or existence is governed by contraints in that all that can and does exist must by definition be finite, delieable and quantifiable, applicable to no aspects of infinity.

    This is not a paradox because it is materially impossible. The book could not have existed were it not first authored which eliminates that which is the paradoxical function.

    What do you think?

  3. @Byrni1111

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    A > B > C > A > B > C > A > B > C > ♾️

    Always that order, A is the cause, B is the effect, C is the outcome.

    A linear timeline has to have played out for an infinite loop to occur.

    It's always a timetraveller gets to C point to go back to A.

  4. @MrDebkumarbasu

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    5:34 I just came to try and understand the concept that this video explains. I am now ending this video with a serious existential crisis because I am actually in a pretty bad spot myself and most of the nights I cant sleep as I'm constantly thinking the same question: did I consciously choose to take certain decisions or did I just go with the flow? Everything that I had planned just vanished between 2020 to 2022 and I'm sitting here now trying to do a forensic analysis of the left over pieces.

    I think the video served its purpose a bit too effectively. 🔥🔥🔥

  5. @100nodog

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    A time traveler receives a lump of uranium from himself in the future. He will send this same lump back in time to himself. How much does it weigh?

  6. @mathew3267

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    There is no such thing as the bootstrap paradox. Once you travel back in time for the first time you have altered history. Its at this point in the story where you are now authoring any fictional story you want to record over the new history. Your making up this bootstrap thing which states that whatever happens is going to be exactly what happened before the time traveling event took place.

  7. @benpecto.benpecillton

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    "So there's this man. He has a time machine. Up and down history he goes, zip zip zip zip zip, getting into scrapes. Another thing he has is a passion for the works of Ludwig van Beethoven. And one day he thinks, "What's the point of having a time machine if you don't get to meet your heroes?" So off he goes to 18th-century Germany. But he can't find Beethoven anywhere. No-one's heard of him, not even his family have any idea who the time traveler is talking about. Beethoven literally doesn't exist. This didn't happen, by the way. I've met Beethoven. Nice chap. Very intense. Loved an arm-wrestle. No, this is called "The Bootstrap Paradox". Google it. The time traveler panics, he can't bear the thought of a world without the music of Beethoven. Luckily he'd brought all his Beethoven sheet music for Ludwig to sign. So he copies out all the concertos and the symphonies and he gets them published. He becomes Beethoven. And history continues with barely a feather ruffled. But my question is, Who put those notes and phrases together? Who really composed Beethoven's 5th?"

  8. @kanuni1979

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    One example is the bootstrap paradox in the Terminator series. Skynet sent the T800 back to 1984. It got destroyed and it's CPU was used to create skynet. So who created the CPU?

  9. @Jamil1989

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    In my opinion, the bootstrap paradox does not "make the time-traveler into always-have-been Einstein". Because then he has to be the kid-Einstein upto dead-Einstein. The whole biography/history of Einstein is not the same person if the paradox is correct. It is just a brain-teaser, quite attractive, somehow a distraction.

  10. @RedneckGamingChannel

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    I'm sorry for not pressing the "bell" to receive notifications. Instead I let destiny lead me to videos, as it did this one..although now that I've watched it, YouTube will inevitably suggest another, because algorithms….So I guess YouTube is cheating destiny and creating its own causality. That's a problem.

  11. @jatin78900

    June 16, 2026 at 7:49 pm

    I think there is only one way you can time travel back in time which is to reverse the time ⌚ by reversing the whole universe you can go back in time but here is another problem you won't remember anything, if somehow only you can remember all the things and reverse the time than you can take advantage of time travel, but this is impossible, and if you reverse the time and you won't remember anything then also you can't take advantage of time travel, if there is someone like loki series TVF watching you and help you to remember anything when you reverse the time than it's possible, but we need someone how See's our timeline,reversing the time and whole universe is the only way where paradox doesn't exist, i checked all the possibility and i know if someone manage to travel to the past is impossible, and reversing the time theory is also impossible because it's need the speed of light in such amount that it go backwards, so it's not possible to travel through past sadly, we just stuck here in this world, we don't have any power or control to shape our life 😞

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