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Spirituality for Atheists – Sam Harris

Alex O'Connor | August 6, 2026



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– VIDEO NOTES

Sam Harris (@samharrisorg) is a neuroscientist, philosopher, New York Times best-selling author, host of Making Sense, and creator of Waking Up.

– LINKS

Buy The Moral Landscape: https://amzn.to/4cMDRRM

– TIMESTAMPS

00:00 – Tour
00:32 – Is ‘Spirituality’ a Dirty Word?
04:26 – Why Take Reflective Knowledge Seriously?
29:11 – What Is the Self?
47:04 – Why Are There Distinct Selves?
1:01:22 – The Two Hemispheres of the Brain
1:06:44 – The Problem of Emergence
1:18:42 – What’s the Minimal Amount of Consciousness?
1:34:09 – Is AI Lying to Us About Consciousness?
1:39:16 – What Is the Present?

– CONNECT

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The Within Reason Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/within-reason/id1458675168

– CONTACT

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——————————————

Written by Alex O'Connor

Comments

This post currently has 42 comments.

  1. @BiggerThinks

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    Sam Harris, as knowledgeable as he can be on the Dhamma, is a quite poor practitioner.

    The very idea of spirituality without religion shows he still cultivates attachment to labels.

  2. @marcrichter9160

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    Yes, I too am not tempted to assert the grandiose claims of spiritual metaphysics. And I think it’s for this reason that I’m squeamish about the word spirituality. And yet I repeatedly have all the experiences that those who practice spirituality would claim endorse their beliefs.

  3. @Lambda25

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    1:30:42 – If we can't know that AGI is conscious simply because we don't believe it when it says so, then we also can't be sure that consciousness really exists in humans, simply because the only way we know this is by asking other humans if they are conscious.

  4. @vieiradesu

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    atheism misguided me into thinking spirituality was something of the supernatural mysticism etc
    spirituality is simply how humans learned over the years to control the emotions, our ancestors didnt had a name for those things we feel but cant see, like emotions and thoughts, so they created the concept of spirit just so they could have something more tangible to work around

    imagine trying to make a bread, but there is no dough
    thats like trying to work the mind, but there is no "spirit"

    atheism made me skeptical about meditation, until recently saw a video from a monk inducing silence in people's head, so they could actually experience how meditation feels like, and the silence in my head absolutely destroyed all my skepticism

  5. @dual_duel

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    I am an atheist too. But the philosophical heights of the 2 concepts of shunya of Buddhism and Brahman of Vedanta are unparalleled in the universe.

    I respect them both for their honesty and lack of fancy and imaginary father in the heaven nonsense, which is obviously defunct now. One can question them to the fullest and these two are not based on "belief" , though they oppose and argue against each other using no nonsense objective and intellectual debate.

    Even in Buddhism and Hinduism, these two need to be filtered out of the other things like gods, stories stc.

    One of the reasons, the atheists like the Shunya of the Buddhists is, because, the Brahman of Advaita will lead to theism or will be interpreted as god of the universe ( Edhwara ) by most people and I understand that.The advaitic Eshwara doesn't distinguish between what humans understand as good or evil and in Sankya, it is inert and just watches ( not the human watching ) the nature do its work, good or evil or otherwise.

    Some atheists may honestly deny Brahman and agree with shunya irrespective of if the idea of Brahman will eventually lead to theism.

  6. @dual_duel

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    It is an atheist bias to say that no self exists. We do not know, if that is the case.Reality allows for both of the two extreme interpretations of itself, namely that existence is one or nothing exists.

    So, agnosticism is the best bet for now.

    With that it is also important to say that god as portrayed by holy books is 100% BS.

  7. @ajesha15s40

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    Does this Sam guy doesn't know Buddhism is Indian philosophy? So when he says Buddhists and indian philosophy.. What does he mean by that? India has so many different philosophies. Jain philosophy, Buddhists philosophy, hindu philosophy, and many more. Does that mean they're not Indian? There is not one Indian philosophy. So when he say Indian philosophy . It's confusing and misleading. Take proper names and don't say random names which make it look like it's not from India. Jain, Buddhists, shankhya, vedanta. All are Indian philosophies

  8. @RayMonde-b3e

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    Thank you both.

    Great host and great speaker.

    Hats off to you both for expressing the true, clear blue sky nature of the Mind (or what I prefer to call or refer to as AWARENESS.)

    What can one attribute to this AWARENESS?

    Quite. You can’t.

    Anything attributed by way of thought to AWARENESS is patently absurd.

    All and everything arises and falls (or dissolves) in AWARENESS.

    We can call this by various names or words. Nonetheless, AWARENESS per se is AWARENESS per se.

    An experiential reality most profound.

    Do not ‘believe’ what I say. Find out yourself. 🤡

    🙏🧡🌻

  9. @jamespappas9532

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    If at the speed of light time stops, this means in order to even have the experience of a "moment", you have to be slower than the speed of light. Therefore, awareness, time, and consciousness are only a property of something going slower than light. Time is an emergent property of sub-light speed matter.

  10. @wistly-living

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    I spent about the last 5 years being so utterly convinced that I was the ego (the thing doing the thinking) that I had stopped perceiving any emotions. Like I could go months without having ever having experienced anything that resembled an emotion of any kind.

    I then got so curious about how my experience of thinking works that I thought myself into an ego death, but from the perspective of the ego. After having felt this, I highly recommend that if you ever get curious enough to try and work out what this "self is an illusion" thing really means, you do so by meditating and not by thinking too much for your own good.

  11. @demystake

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    Alex’s fascination with panpsychism is starting to wear thin. At first it was interesting as a philosophical mind-bender, something fun to think through. But constantly bringing it into everything becomes frustrating when it remains an unverifiable theory, and one he does not seem to subject to the same scrutiny he applies to religious ideas.

    What bothers me even more is that he seems to justify it mainly because it loosely gestures toward physics, despite neither showing much real interest in physics nor having expertise in it. To me, panpsychism often feels less like a testable explanation and more like a linguistic sleight of hand that is difficult, if not impossible, to falsify.

    Under a standard materialist framework, reality is already understood as being composed of fundamental physical entities: atoms, electrons, quarks, photons, and so on. Protons and neutrons are themselves made of quarks, and theories such as String Theory speculate about even more fundamental structures. A brain is made of the same physical matter as a rock. Panpsychism does not really uncover some hidden fact by pointing that out.

    Even if science were eventually to show that consciousness fully arises from, or is entirely dependent on, physical processes, a panpsychist could simply say: “Exactly. We were saying all along that the fundamental constituents of reality already possessed proto-conscious properties.” At that point the theory starts to feel insulated from disproof, because almost any future discovery can be retroactively absorbed into its terminology.

  12. @stinkinjimmy

    August 6, 2026 at 6:04 am

    Alex, I thought this was a fascinating exchange, but I wonder whether Sam’s dismissal of emergent consciousness as “magic” or as “something arising from nothing” is unjustified.

    He is right to object when “emergence” is used as a placeholder rather than an explanation. Simply saying “consciousness emerges” does not solve the hard problem. But serious emergence in biology does not mean that something appears from nothing. It means that organised systems can display real higher-order properties that are not present in the isolated components, but arise lawfully from their relations, constraints, feedbacks, and dynamics.

    A useful example comes from systems biology. In the MAPK cascade discussed by Huang and Ferrell in their 1996 PNAS paper, the individual kinases and phosphatases do not themselves possess the higher-order switching behaviour of the pathway. Yet, when arranged in a cascade with the relevant kinetic structure, a graded input can be transformed into an ultrasensitive, switch-like output. That switch has real causal power: it can stabilise downstream transcriptional programmes involved in processes such as cellular differentiation. But it is not magic. It is a lawful consequence of molecular organisation.

    This suggests that “not present in the parts” does not mean “arising from nothing.” No single molecule is alive, no isolated kinase is a molecular switch, no individual neuron is conscious, and no single word is an argument. But organised systems can display real higher-order properties that are not visible in their isolated components.

    This is also how physicalists usually explain life. Life is not present in the Standard Model of particle physics as a fundamental ingredient. There is no “life particle.” Yet we do not therefore conclude that life is magic. We explain life through chemistry, self-organisation, metabolism, boundaries, information-bearing polymers, energy gradients, and evolution. In other words, through emergence.

    Of course, consciousness is harder than life because it has a first-person character. The question is not merely how a system behaves, but why there is something it is like to be that system. That is the force of Chalmers’s hard problem. But that difficulty does not justify treating emergence itself as a miracle.

    I would be interested to hear you press Sam on this distinction: is his objection to lazy appeals to emergence, or to emergence as a serious explanatory strategy? Because the former objection seems valid, but the latter seems to risk dismissing much of what makes biological systems intelligible.

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