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How We Live In A Collective Dream | Anil Seth On The Neuroscience Of Active Inference

Essentia Foundation | March 5, 2026



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Anil Seth is a world-leading neuroscientist who has made important contributions to our understanding of reality as a controlled hallucination. According to the concept of active inference, our perception of reality is not a direct reflection of the world but, instead, the most accurate guess that our brain can muster, which it continually checks and updates with incoming sensory information. But strange things happen when neuroscientists play around with sensory input in unexpected ways. Anil Seth and his team at Sussex University created the Dream Machine, a stroboscopic device that syncs flickering light to music to induce vivid, often complex, hallucinatory visuals in the viewer. In group sessions, exactly the same white light and music gives rise to a tremendous diversity in perception.

Links for more information and reading:
Anil’s personal website: https://www.anilseth.com/
The Dream Machine research project: https://dreamachine.world/
The Perception Census research: https://perceptioncensus.dreamachine.world/

Anil Seth (2021), Being You – A New Science of Consciousness
https://www.amazon.com/Being-You-New-Science-Consciousness/dp/1524742872/

Gomez-Marin, A., & Seth, A. K. (2025). A science of consciousness beyond pseudo-science and pseudo-consciousness. Nature Neuroscience, 28(4), 703–706. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01913-6

Seth, A. K. (2025). Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X25000032

Chapter marks:

0:00 Introduction
2:33 Transition
3:55 Are we seeing the same room?
5:30 A different starting point
7:12 The dream machine research
12:50 We close our eyes in order to see
15:30 Psychedelics and Van Gogh
16:54 Reality as a controlled hallucination
20:21 Predictive inference
21:07 What is active inference?
25:13 What is the free energy principle?
31:29 The value of the free energy principle
38:14 Hans shares his metaphysical journey
40:34 Are you still a materialist?
46:13 An epistemic commitment to materialism
47:27 The limits of neuroscience
50:07 The hard problem of consciousness
53:56 IIT discussed
56:17 Anil on IIT
59:01 Strong IIT vs weak IIT
1:06:22 IIT, cerebrum and cerebellum
1:08:39 Inactive vs inactivated neurons
1:12:45 Physicalism vs idealism
1:21:17 Metaphysics and the meaning of life
1:24:52 On his mother’s deathbed
1:28:09 Honoring form
1:29:35 Being critical of naive materialism
1:31:50 What questions does a metaphysics permit?
1:37:42 Defending IIT with Alex Gomez
1:40:34 If the brain doesn’t produce consciousness
1:42:43 The philosophical zombie argument
1:44:30 Consciousness is not substrate independent
1:46:40 Can AI be conscious?
1:50:05 Is AlphaFold conscious?
1:50:58 Is consciousness computation?
1:54:19 Consciousness as being ‘entimed’

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Copyright © 2026 by Essentia Foundation. All rights reserved.

Written by Essentia Foundation

Comments

This post currently has 23 comments.

  1. @000000galaxy

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    I was born in 1962, eternal life, I have had a brush with. Not only that I have geared my present mortal life with that, reality. Freedom, is the only option for the spirit, there can be no other reality, I pray to the queen of heaven and earth, I know she understands my spirit, suffering along side my flesh, I'm only 62 and she is much older. even than herself. And the sun that shines on earth is even older, and god even older, that the stars. What is relevant, is the truth, my potition on the earth, and what my spirit is suffering, I ask the mother of god, before I determine, between the evil, the righteous, between him, that serveth, god, and him, that serveth, him not. So have prayed, as the truth, seems to cater to my injustice, love is subsiding, the will to drive the nightmare, pissing up a rope. Now in this moment, the constant state of change, the hope, that the moment I step into my shadow, the poetic justice, has released,
    my boots, that I may visit, the eternal breeze of justice. And with that, a never ending new day, blessed by each, night.
    I pray, do you hear.

  2. @mmnuances

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    We can understand life as a thermodynamic whirlpool existing as a self-generating non-equilibrium stable process on an energy gradient of the correct strength that supports the intricate energetic chemical homeostatic and autopoetic characteristics of life. If there is too much energy flowing down the energetic gradient on which life is instantiated, the whirlpool would become chaotic and dissolve (death);on the other hand, if energy flow is insufficient, the whirlpool would gradually diminish. From this point of view, free energy is easy to understand as the underlying substrate of living things (the river that contains the whirlpool) and the thrust of the agency that is manifest in predictive processing. Curiously, there are two different ways that an agent can reduce free energy. First, if the whirlpool is confronted with too much free energy that is disruptive to homeostasis, it can in the case of mammals, resist or run away from the energetic anomaly, fight or flight. If the energetic flow is too little such that the whirlpool is diminishing, it can move toward and consume that free energy… the paradox perhaps being that by consuming the free energy, the organism minimizes it. "Beauty walks a razor's edge, some day I will make it mine." Dylan The minimization of free energy is only minimized to a homeostatic point and that dynamic process is the essence of life; if all free energy were eliminated we would have a frozen world.

  3. @DavidF-eu6ti

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    Found myself frustrated and in disagreement with Anil on a few things, but I have a lot of respect for him coming to the channel and taking part in an honest and respectful conversation, and for the mindset in which he approaches things.

    Would love Essentia to host a moderated discussion between Bernardo and Anil (if Alex Gomes or Koch were involved too that would also work!)

  4. @SailN3wS3as

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    Honest question where can you apply for consciousness tests and do people pay to fly you out I mean everything from psycadelics to trials and modern research

  5. @yvonnereed167

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    Does stimulating parts of the brain to create the perception of images that aren’t there suggest that all images are illusory or did the brain build that structure through evolution to register light waves? Does stimulating the brain artificially to sense a presence that isn’t there automatically suggesting that the ability to sense something without standard senses (sight, sound, smell, vibration) can only be an illusion? Did we develop a system in the brain to detect something that never existed?

  6. @crunch8484

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    You can experiment with this when you go to bed at night. When you get comfortable and close your eyes as you usually do when about to sleep, maintain your focus on the "noise" you see behind your eyelids. Usually, after a few sends of this, your brain will shut off your visual system leading you into a "thinking" centred consciousness, but instead of allowing this try to actively keep your focus on the noise. After a while the noise will start to form patterns via the bayesian inference process he mentions. Keep the focus and the patterns will become more detailed and more solid, until at some point what you perceive will "pop" into a particularly solid form, as if it were literally there in front of you. An alternative experiment is to do the same, but imagine the view you would see from your bed if your eyes were open. Again, the bayesian inference will fill it in and make it steadily more "real" until you get to the point you can't actually tell if your eyes are open or closed. It's good fun, and for those who sometimes struggle to get to sleep, it's a useful distraction that prevents you ruminating on the fact you're struggling to sleep. Eventually you will drop off anyway.

  7. @Edohop

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    The question of whether physicalists or idealists would make the same amount of progress over 100 years is an interesting thought experiment but ultimately not a matter of whether the metaphysics they come up with are accurate.

    We made tremendous progress under the inaccurate metaphysics of Newton. It would have been a tragedy if Einstein said “well Newtonian physics explains most things, we’ve made a lot of progress with it, and absolute space/time is more intuitive to my daily experience so I won’t pursue relativity by throwing out the absolute space/time axiom.”

    Here’s another version of Anil’s thought experiment I find interesting: if Newton, before his physics achievements, was told by a voice from the future that space and time were not absolute, would he have dreamed up gravity, calculus, and classical physics? I bet not! But his metaphysics would be more accurate!

    Sometimes an inaccurate metaphysics can take us far and useful places, but we should be open to it being wrong even though it appears to work in many cases.

  8. @Proximitydetector

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    Really compelling conversation. Theres a growing basket of research showing that LLMs produce Bell-type contextuality in semantic spaces, meaning their “interpretations” aren’t fixed but realized… through context. . in a way that mirrors quantum probability???

    When you combine that with predictive processing and active inference, it starts to look like contextual resolution under constraint might be a very general feature of complex representational systems, not just brains, not just particles.
    Curious how you see that connection

  9. @redberries8039

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    Extremely unlikely AI based on silicon has any chance of being conscious. They can't feel anything. zero. nada. nothing. Lots of computation. only. No more feeling than a video stream. There would have to be an entirely new physics thing going on related to layered computation or something else very weird.

  10. @Nona-jn3fg

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    But I thought there were some nde^s that had some pretty compelling evidence of them seeing things that they could not have been able to see???

  11. @rituaals9344

    March 5, 2026 at 4:10 am

    There is a mushroom in China which if you consume it raw makes you see little people. For everyone who eats it. Every time. Little people, nothing else

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