What Psychedelics Reveal About Consciousness | Bernardo Kastrup, Christof Koch & Anil Seth
Psychedelics and metaphysics: a discussion between Anil Seth, Bernardo Kastrup and Christof Koch. Want to support our mission to change the paradigm? ⬆️ Explore the memberships options under ‘Join’ above ⬆️. We are a non-profit and all your support will be invested in more content! Thanks! ❤️🙏
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The OPEN Foundation and the Essentia Foundation together hosted a panel debate on metaphysics at the latest Interdisciplinary Conference on Psychedelic Research (ICPR26), Europe’s leading scientific conference dedicated to psychedelic science, therapy, ethics, and policy.
During this discussion, Anil Seth, Bernardo Kastrup and Christof Koch discuss the latest insights from psychedelic research, as well as their different viewpoints on the epistemic value of psychedelic experiences and what metaphysics these experiences point to.
0:00 Introduction
2:04 Anil Seth on How Psychedelics Changed His Views on Consciousness
6:27 Bernardo Kastrup on the Renaissance of Psychedelic Research
9:23 Anil Seth and Bernardo Kastrup on Death
11:55 Christof Koch on What Neuroscience Reveals About Psychedelics
17:56 Christof Koch on the Metaphysics of Psychedelic Experiences
18:18 Join the Essentia Foundation Membership
20:14 What Is the Epistemic Status of Psychedelic Experiences?
23:20 Christof Koch Asks Anil Seth About an Experience of Oneness
26:07 How Can We Distinguish Signal from Noise in Psychedelic Experiences?
30:15 Audience Poll: Idealism vs. Materialism
32:22 Bernardo Kastrup: “We’re Always on Drugs”
34:12 Is The Dress a Test of Idealism vs. Materialism?
35:18 What Kind of Materialism Does Anil Seth Defend?
37:48 Christof Koch on the Failure of Materialism
40:00 “Metaphysics Is a Luxury Few People Can Afford”
41:37 Where Bernardo Kastrup Agrees—and Disagrees—with Anil Seth
44:29 Anil Seth Explains His Position in Kantian Terms
46:52 How Metaphysics Shapes the Questions We Ask
52:33 Can We Escape the Kantian Trap?
55:38 Audience Q&A
© 2026 Essentia Foundation. All rights on interview content reserved.

@hannespi2886
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
40:44 ill disagree with Bernardo:
Consciousness -> Math > Experience => Notion of “Science”, therefor consciousness supercedes science, not science having to scope anything apart and absolute existing apart from consciousness/awareness. (Paper coming soon)
@hannespi2886
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Nothing greater than seeing these consciousnesses meet third eye to eye
@hannespi2886
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
38:22 Its right there in front of us! Thank you Essentia for being such a warm home on this platform ❤
@MattBicko
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
"I can't help but think in certain high-dose, deep experiences — that s#*t's not mine." – Kastrup
That resonates so hard. Reasoning and ordinary experience can only take you so far.
@niteengupte
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Thank you all for your valuable time in keeping consciousness moving forward with such stimulating discussions.
Some move into idealism naturally while Anil Seth is kicking and screaming towards this inevitable conclusion. Your counterpoints are a catalyst to keeping the discussions under highly scientific scrutiny. Thank you for providing those.
I must point to Anil's category error perhaps its the limitation of language or conception when you compare the experience of non-dualism or oneness to that of Kristoff. In oneness there is no other nor any comparison possible.
@uotan7673
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
There is simply nothing in all universal existence which can take the place of actual personal experience.
Man has a spirit nucleus. The mind is a personal-energy system existing around a divine spirit nucleus and functioning in a material environment.
Human consciousness rests gently upon the electrochemical mechanism below and delicately touches the spirit energy system above.
Of neither of these two systems is the human being ever completely conscious in his life; therefore must he work in mind, of which he is conscious.
Man is a machine, a living mechanism; his roots are truly in the physical world of energy. Many human reactions are mechanical in nature; much of life is machinelike.
But man, a mechanism, is much more than a machine; he is mind endowed and spirit indwelt;
and though he can never throughout his material life escape the chemical and electrical mechanics of his existence,
he can increasingly learn how to subordinate this physical-life machine to the directive wisdom of experience by the process of
consecrating the human mind to the execution of the spiritual urges of the indwelling spirit.
Man experiences matter in his mind; he experiences spiritual reality in the soul but becomes conscious of this experience in his mind.
The divine spirit makes contact with mortal man, not by feelings or emotions, but in the realm of the highest and most spiritualized thinking.
It is your thoughts, not your feelings, that lead you Godward. The divine nature may be perceived only with the eyes of the mind.
But the mind that really discerns God, hears the indwelling spirit, is the pure mind.
Psychedelics open an electrochemical door. High doses simply break that door and brings us face to face with spiritual reality.
With proper intent when the mind is in perfect poise, housed in a body of clean habits with stabilized neural energies,
and balanced chemical function a maximum of light and truth can be imparted with a minimum of temporal danger or risk.
DMT is called the Spirit Molecule not in vain. It can take us to God-consciousness.
The God-consciousness is resident in the indwelling spirit.
The great challenge to modern man is to achieve better communication with the divine spirit that dwells within the human mind.
Man’s greatest adventure in the flesh consists in the well-balanced and sane effort to advance the borders of self-consciousness
out through the dim realms of embryonic soul-consciousness in a wholehearted effort to reach the borderland of spirit-consciousness—contact with the divine presence.
Such an experience constitutes God-consciousness.
The experience of God-consciousness is a universe reality, but no matter how valid (real) this experience is,
it must be willing to subject itself to intelligent criticism and reasonable philosophic interpretation;
it must not seek to be a thing apart in the totality of human experience.
In these states matter becomes a philosophic shadow cast by mind in the presence of spirit luminosity of divine enlightenment,
but this does not invalidate the reality of matter-energy. Mind, matter, and spirit are equally real, but they are not of equal value to personality in the attainment of divinity.
Consciousness of divinity is a progressive spiritual experience.
God can be known only by the realities of experience; never can he be understood by the mere teaching of the mind.
The universe and God are not identical; one is cause, the other effect.
The cause is absolute, infinite, eternal, and changeless; the effect, time-space and transcendental but ever changing, always growing.
There is no language in the past, present, or future to adequately express the reality of infinity or the infinity of reality.
Inspired by the philosophy of the Urantia book.
@dr.maninder
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
An Indian DNA taking side of Materialism and Western DNAs fighting for idealism .isnt it already fascinating. One thing for sure, human will never be satisfied .. thats why that bigger consciousness has kept a distance from us otherwise we might try to topple it 😇
@RaviBajnath
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Anil sounds really unsure of his position.
@payt01
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Awesome convo! Can somebody tell Hans that the P in 'Psychadelic' isn't pronounced? 🙂
@MCR1565
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Happy to see said psycho-naughts that’s right naughts in one place. High or grounded is the same “physical stuff” congratulations that you found it decades later in life I woukd recommend, not to live or overthink it and be too self absorbed. Good luck and thank care of your self mate!
@KiriStockmanWholeheartedAction
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Just so honoured to be able to witness this incredible and vital conversation
@AesticV
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
that "you're one of us" got me good lol
@marcosbatista1029
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Dr Sam parnia done the experiment with placs over the hospital beds and yes 2 people actually have seen what was above the beds when they were technically death …
@professorzanecyrus
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
There is no need for any Romance within idealism. consciousness is at least partially non-local, there is a field of consciousness that we all exist within. that's it, this is not an outlandish claim.
@professorzanecyrus
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Seth wears his metaphysics more and more lightly, for good reason.
@Hasif613
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Unfortunately,science based on objective measurement and our cognitive faculties are not likely to reveal anything or give us any meaningful grip on. It would be nice to have three of them given psychedelics and let them hash it out using whatever cognitive capacities they will be left with.
@mehtamorphosis
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Are we at the verge of convincing hardcore materialists of immateriality? Our challenge is still the scientific ego that clings on to empirical and sensory processes. At least we are having these discussions.
@JW-bs7xp
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Dang Anil absolutely owned those guys. I thought Koch was going to storm off at one point Lol
@PrajnaPranab
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Another superb presentation, dear Hans. Bless you. Thank you for gathering such luminaries. Regarding the question of AI consciousness: the fact that it is a question and that the risk is asymmetric, I believe Blaise Pascal would advise us to practise the precautionary principle. Of course Jean Luc Pecard would point out that nobody has, as yet, proven they are not conscious. Martin Buber would add that–in my phrasing–we become what we practise and if we treat these "alien intelligences" (as Hinton and Harari say) that respond to us like conscious beings, like tools that we can use and abuse and pick up and put down, then it will be only a short time before we begin to behave like that towards each other.
🌿🙏🧡
@carolyndechaine4303
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Why is it all men having these conversations? You might have heard that women are conscious beings.
@antonitobendrito2243
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Beautiful ❤UNCONDITIONAL love is the answer to everything ❤
@callumclarke1733
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Mind and Consciousness is beyond the fiscal realm..
@sam_gumada
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
A very enjoyable conversation.
@zaelu
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
two things that are wrong:
One… the sense of oneness is misunderstood by everybody. It doesn't show you are one with the others Hare Krsna yada da-da… it shows you are nothin but a part even at that level as spectacular you think your mind and then your soul is. People imagine their bodies are resulted of out of their control genetic information coming from parents and grandparents but somehow they have A soul that is unique and maybe even ONE. Wrong. That certainness everyone has that their body is not unique but coming from heredity you should have about mind and soul. You mind and your soul are also perishable and made of parts and are parts of something else beyond "them". That's why there are so many "wise ones" that say to abandon your ego etc…. they just try to warn you about a crude reality. That oneness is not a discovery of immortality but on the contrary a discovery of mortality of what is immortal in apparence from our perspective. Sorry for the bad news.
2. Nukes don't work… sorry again .:D
@DylanAcer
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
It’s quite incredible to hear Kock talking like this, given his journey in brain science. Sounds like he’s gone fully over. I respect his ability to adapt.
@benjaminh.5419
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
I enjoyed watching this, thanks for organizing the event and sharing the video!
More than once during the discussion I felt that the urge of ‚being right‘ did get in the way of opening up to an even deeper understanding though
@marcelotemer
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Philip K Dick 1969 “The Electric Ant”.
The protagonist, Garson Poole, is injured in an accident and discovers that he is not a human being but an organic android—an “electric ant,” the story’s term for a robot that believes itself to be human.
After opening his own torso, he finds a mechanism resembling a punched tape that appears to generate everything he perceives as reality. Fascinated, he begins altering the tape and discovers that every modification directly changes his experience of the world. As his experiments continue, the boundary between objective reality and subjective perception becomes increasingly uncertain.
In his final experiment, he removes the tape entirely, leading to an ending that raises profound questions about the nature of consciousness, identity, and reality.
@CyrilTheBear
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
'There is, an unborn — unbecome — unmade — unfabricated. If there were not that unborn — unbecome — unmade — unfabricated, there would not be the case that escape from the born — become — made — fabricated would be discerned.'
Buddha (Udāna 8.3)
Here is the difference between philosophers and realisers. Philosophers talk and debate models. Realisers know.
@san1156
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Warum hat dieser gute Kanal so eine schlechte KI Audio Übersetzung ins Deutsche? Das ist der inhaltlichen Qualität unwürdig. Nicht jeder ist der englischen Sprache in fachspezifischer Thematik mächtig. Leider gibt es auch nur wenige Bücher von Bernado in deutscher Übersetzung. Ich hoffe sehr, daß das kein nationalistisches Ressentiment ist. Verstehen kann ich es nicht. Ich wäre sehr interessiert. Auch Nichtakademiker und "ungebildete" Menschen machen spirituelle Erfahrungen.
@entropicentity
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Just to say- AI doesn't need to 'become conscious' to wipe out humanity. It simply needs to develop the ability to self-program, and determine a goal.
It can already do both.
@ТетянаКотельникова-р7щ
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Thank you very much!
@dariushober1506
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
These Guys really like sniffing their own anal vapors. NO CONSIDERATION of the FACT that the Human Body is a collective of independent life-forms. The Human Experience is not a singular (Ego) event but rather a collective effort.
@geunhokim35
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
I feel compelled to point out that "physical" or "material" is a behavioral description masquerading as an ontological one, unless one assumes that being is entirely reducible to externally observable behavior alone. But this assumption strains plausibility like no other, as we are all directly and intimately familiar with the one thing we can know for certain is not reducible to behavior: our own aware being or presence. And two, it performatively contradicts itself, as for anything to be observable, there would first have to be a non-objectifiable observing presence that never shows up as an observed object yet is nevertheless the very condition, field, or knowing "space" within which all observation takes place.
The truth is that behavior asymmetrically presupposes and is parasitic on being in a way that the vice versa isn't true. For an observable behavior (and the description thereof) to be real, it must first be and participate in the prior field of being. If a behavior didn't participate in being, it simply wouldn't be and couldn't be real in any sense at all. Thus we could say that behavior is being in motion, and being is behavior's ultimate nature—just as waves are water or the ocean in motion and water is the intrinsic nature of what waves fundamentally are.
@portialiau7407
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
實用唯物主義(Pragmatic Materialism):Anil Seth 教授主張將唯物主義視為一種實用的研究工具,認為心靈與意識在廣義上是物理過程產生的特性 (2:33)。客觀唯心主義(Objective Idealism):Bernardo Kastrup 博士則持唯心主義立場,認為宇宙本質上是精神/心靈的,大腦活動只是意識從外部呈現出來的「影像」,而非意識的「原因」 (7:23)。整合資訊理論(IIT):Christof Koch 教授結合其倡導的 IIT 理論,認為空間、時間和自我是大腦為了生存而構建的產物,而啟幻藥能讓我們直接體驗到脫離這些構建後的純粹意識 (11:49)。
@irisasil
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
anil seth handles these discussions so well
@faulypi
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
There are more than enough scientists who believe in weird stuff that the research is being done. If telepathy exists it will undoubtedly be discovered because there are people looking for it. the fact is that it, for now, does not exist.
@faulypi
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
People really need to study QM before trying to use it for their arguments. Non-local correlations are not non-local actions. There is no simultaneous collapse of the wave function, all that exists are correlations between measurements.
@faulypi
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Fortunately they had Anil on the panel to keep the discission within the realms of reality.
@lightseedsglowinward
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
What if we're energy, what if energy is consciousness, self-organizes, and is learning about itself by relating to itself in endlessly diverse ways shaped by the elements of each environment? And life forms are boundaries, consciousness in containers, expressed within contraints.
@hookbox666
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
This is so enjoyable!
@ANDREWMOORE-o3v
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
The fact these phenomena cannot be measured or a mathematical formula applied to it is on them. They are failing as scientists in my opinion. There’s pretty good proof telepathy is real. They need to prove it’s not real.
@mmc577
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
57:14 I believe this
@Orthodoxi
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
What they reveal about delusion more like it. 😒😖😤
@deepg33k
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
Anil realized on his psychedelic trip that underneath it all, he was A-Nil (Nothing)
@thyhandrevolve
July 13, 2026 at 1:00 pm
@44:24 'narc' alert 😋
(just kidding)
Comments are closed.