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Why the dyslexic brain is misunderstood

Vox | October 27, 2024



How dyslexia is a differently organized brain.

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The brain isn’t naturally wired to read. It’s a task that requires explicit instruction for our brains to activate different areas, including those that control vision, sound, and meaning. For fluent readers, the result is a complicated reading circuit — connected by neural pathways of white matter — to allow us to process words within milliseconds. But this reading circuit looks different for people with dyslexia.

For decades, the research was largely focused on how this different brain organization often resulted in delays and difficulty in areas like reading, spelling, and grammar. And today, there continues to be stigma and misconceptions around a dyslexia diagnosis.

But the challenges of dyslexia often overshadow another part of the picture. Research has repeatedly shown dyslexia is also associated with specific cognitive strengths. These include visuo-spatial processing, narrative memory, problem-solving, and reasoning. While there is still a lot to learn about these advantages and how they work, in the piece above we unpack what we know about dyslexia, and what many studies have concluded about these strengths.

This perspective could be critical — not just for the roughly 20 percent of people who have dyslexia — but for the colleagues, peers, and educators who can better empower dyslexic thinking and better understand neurodiversity.

SOURCES:
On the reading brain:

Proust and the Squid: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/proust-and-the-squid-maryanne-wolf?variant=32122454671394

Studies:

“Explorative bias”: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889245/full

Impossible figures: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15503582/ // https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12744954/

Peripheral vision: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3574384/ // https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/p6036

Blurred images: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035724#pone-0035724-t003

ADDITIONAL READING:

The Dyslexic Advantage: https://www.dyslexicadvantage.org/book/
Amazing Dyslexics: https://www.amazingdyslexic.com/
Overcoming Dyslexia: https://dyslexia.yale.edu/research-science/overcoming-dyslexia/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-advantages-of-dyslexia/

https://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/dyslexics/learn-about-dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia/the-many-strengths-of-dyslexics

https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/dyslexia-faq/#:~:text=Dyslexia%20affects%2020%20percent%20of,brightest%20children%20struggle%20to%20read.

Note: The headline on this piece has been updated.
Previous headline: The benefits of dyslexic thinking

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Written by Vox

Comments

This post currently has 36 comments.

  1. @mustangsonstage

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    Dyslexia was debilitating for me in my early years. After a few years in a program for dyslexics, I was able to actually read without freezing. That gave me the confidence to realize that everyone had their own intellectual strengths and that I was also part of that.

  2. @andybez5169

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    At school all i got was hes lazy hes got no concentration had to go to special needs classes and all the stigma that goes with it and even when I left school I couldn't read properly. It wasn't until I was probably 20 and I sat down and made myself read lord of the rings and I got into reading that way. But to this day I still can't read properly and my writing's terrible but I'm good at my job. I'm scaffolder so I problem solve everyday Which I think helps me cuz I can see the picture of what I need to put up before I have to do it

  3. @kileyfitzgerald6792

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    I’m dyslexic and I have a near photographic memory for moments in time. I can tell you where I bought every single piece of clothing I own and every object I have in my house. I know that doesn’t sound impressive but I’m 47 and I can tell you where I bought the shoes I’ve had for 25 years, I can tell you where I bought every single notebook I own- but if you gave a 4 digit number, I will forget it within seconds or invert the numbers. No matter how hard I try.

  4. @kyrareneeLOA

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    This video is so good!! 🔥I relate so much. It is hard to explain to other how I see and feel things… but do not see letters in a straight line, and spelling has always been a struggle,.. but I am a whole picture, feeling and picturing person. I comprehend things better than many … in a different way… seeing, feeling, taking it all in.

  5. @FanaFolasade

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    For me i look at the word visualy see it but for a split momment while my brain processing i see a picture of something else thats similar to the word well sort of its hard to explaine but this made me feel not so alone 😅an not like im an awful person for my brain working diffrent caused alot of ttrama the way i was treated because of this . But am healing an learning more about myself an planet everyday very grateful thanks for your video god bless ❤

  6. @feralbluee

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    Yes, we made up reading, humans have always had close work – sewing with hole punchers, making arrows, wall paintings, tattoos, weaving, basket making, etching marks on stones, sculpting little figures, wood sculpting – so we do have brain areas for this kind of close work. Seems to me there’s not much of a difference to then being able to read. 💁🏻‍♀️🧑🏻‍💼🙇🏻‍♀️🙇🙇🏾‍♂️

  7. @X-i_i-K

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    due to dyslexia and teachers not understanding i was held back in ALL Classes until 2 months before study leave before GCSE's, managed to get a C in math, E in english but an A in graphic design

  8. @lifesacardgame6454

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    My daughter was diagnosed as dyslexic as a youngster and my wife began to notice the same traits and behaviours in me. After 40 years of not knowing what my brain did with words I now understand my coping mechanisms.

  9. @philipflipflopg4065

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    If I'm ever been told how to do something I immediately start drawing a picture in my brain of what they are telling me. I then miss parts of the instructions because I'm busy painting this picture. Show me hands on and I remember immediately.

  10. @madders8781

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    I've had many discussions with teachers stating I do not have a learning disability…..I just don't find the established general teaching methods effective to how I think. "But that's the hard way of doing it" I heard so many times and I'd reply "it's the only way I can do it"

  11. @madMARTYNmarsh1981

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    I didn't realise that dyslexia is hereditary. I am dyslexic, but neither of my parents are, and none of my four children are either.
    For years, I've been confused as to why it takes people so much longer to absorb details in the physical world than it takes me. I can walk in a room and memorise every detail almost instantly. This video explains that.
    Then I watch my wife read, and she can finish a book in under a day, but it will take me a day to finish a chapter because I have to re-read every sentence numerous times just to decipher what is written. The dyslexic setting on my Kindle makes no difference to my reading speed, but I did see a text type for Austism that put the first two letters in a word in bold text that made reading significantly faster for me. I want that on Kindle.
    Brains are funny things.

  12. @benlowe9936

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    I was only diagnosed when i was 17, i was always treated and felt inferior until then. This is a great way to explain to people that there's nothing 'wrong' with me, i'm just wired differently!

  13. @melchiorhof6557

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    I have struggled a lot on almost being outcasted on lower schools in the Netherlands, teachers giving up on me. So much that I had to redo 1th class lower grade and went skipping school at age 8.
    Till I got diagnosed with dyslexia on age 12. Changed to a Waldorf school, got treated by a pedologic institute and after years of extra classes, I could come by on reading and spelling. Turns out to have IQ tests of over 140, bad with formulas, but good with numbers, practical mind and an extremely developed 3D visualization. Against all odds after that I did 9 years of study, got a double degree in science and got head hunted by managers for my special work performances as an intern.
    Now in my 40ies I am a specialist on my field, freelancer and 3D CAD designer. But still struggle already over 15 years learning Spanish as my 5th language. 😉

  14. @BlueAngeluv

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    I had to be tested twice because I have some other form of it. It's true that math is like a foreign language and I have to read the same line twice a lot, but also an artist and understand spacial relationships well. It seems like the "middle man" of words and numbers can get in the way of what they represent.

  15. @tegannottelling

    October 27, 2024 at 6:29 am

    In illogical sequences I have a memory for four digits. I have real issues learning phone numbers. In fact when I was tested I'm in the lower 16% (Which is basically mentally handicapped). However my overall intelligence is 99.7% (I have an IQ of 145). While I love reading, I read in paragraphs not words essentially. Takes me a night to read a 1000 page novel. (thank you dad for reading to me every night and giving me a passion for the adventure on the page, enough to persevere enough to work around my issues and learn to read, albeit reading in a different way to most!)
    But I can't spell to save my life (anything over four letters gives me issues) Most of the time I have to edit what I write because I cant spell the words I want to use. School, I didn't do well at all until I was tested and was allowed a scribe (the same as someone the broke their writing hand for example). Suddenly I went I went from last in the year to top. Unfortunately the testing was done in the final two years of school and I really had little interest in school by then and left as soon as I could. However I can honestly say I have been extremely successful in life. I think because of the different way my mind worked, Not in love though 😝😝😝!

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