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Tom Scott | July 30, 2026



At Hereford Cathedral, I visit the Chained Library — and see how quickly one technology can change the world. | 🔐 AD: Keep your personal data safe with Incogni: https://incogni.com/tomscott | 🗺️ England series map: https://www.tomscott.com/england/

🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/
(you can find contact details and social links there too)
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👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif

Written and presented by
Tom Scott

Producers
for Penny4 https://penny4.co.uk/
Cambria Bailey-Jones
Guy Larsen

Studio Associate Producer
Heloise Lowenthal

Studio Director of Photography
Jamie MacLeod

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Frank Hammond

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for Breadbox Studios https://www.breadboxstudios.co.uk/
Mandy Celine

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Jamie MacLeod

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Bethan Leadley

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Maggy Apodaca

Subtitles by So Speedy https://www.sospeedy.co.uk/

With thanks to the Historic County Borders Project https://www.county-borders.co.uk/

Executive Producer
Tom Scott

© Pad 26 Limited MMXXVI

Written by Tom Scott

Comments

This post currently has 38 comments.

  1. @theJE55

    July 30, 2026 at 11:50 pm

    I studied Linguistics, and am absolutely losing it watching this 🤯 The importance on some of these books to the history of the English Language cannot be overstated. Priceless indeed!

  2. @NiktheGreek7

    July 30, 2026 at 11:50 pm

    I'd be willing to bet good $$$ that while antihumanitarian wouldn't touch it, private collectors would if they intent for that item to never be seen by anyone else ever again.

  3. @NPinto-nw9vd

    July 30, 2026 at 11:50 pm

    Old game called ZZT, by Potomac Computer Systems, came out in 1991. ASCII-based, and came with its own editor. I played and made myriad of boards with it when I was young. Anyway, one of the boards in the main game lets you find an object, a "&". You collect it, and it says "You've found an ampersand!". I was little, so I didn't know it WASN'T some kind of fancy gem. Been fond of ampersands since I learned what they are thanks to Mental Floss. BTW, that company became Epic Games 😃

  4. @seth009eg

    July 30, 2026 at 11:50 pm

    i'd love to see a general series behind the scenes when this series is done: how did u plan everything before embarking on the "road trip"? was it actually a road trip? or did u go back home in between shoots? how did u handle research and organization of visits while he was on other trips? stuff like that

  5. @EduardQualls

    July 30, 2026 at 11:50 pm

    @16:35 For those who would like a taste of the original, late-medieval, c. 1395 orthography of the pictured manuscript of Wycliffe's NT, here is as close an approximation as Unicode and the YouTube comment font will allow. Starting mid-ninth line from the bottom, through middle last line:

    "but at þe laſte whānne þe euleuene diſciplis ſaaten at þe mete: ihc̄ apperide to hē 7 reprouede þe unbileue of hē : 7 þe hardneſſe of herte for þa bileeuedē not to hē ỹ haddē ſeē ỹ he was risun fro deþ 7 he ſeide to hē / go ye unto al þe world : 7 preche þe goſpel to ech creature. uuho þat bileueþ 7 is baptiſid: ſhal be ſaif but he þat bileueþ not: ſhal be dāpned 7 þes tokens ſhulenſue: hē þat bileuen ī mẏ name: þei ſhulen caſte out fendis / þei ſhulen ſpeke wiþ newe tūgis …"

    For reference, the later, 1526 edition of Tyndale's version of "Mark":

    After that he appered vnto the eleven as they sate at meate: and caſt in their teche their vnbelefe/ād hardnes off herte: be cauſe they beleved not them which had ſene hym after his reſurreccion. And he ſayd vnto them. Goo ye in to all the woorlde / and preache the goſpell to all creaturs: Whoſoever beleveth / and ys babtiſed / ſhalbe ſafe: And whoſoever beleveth nott / ſhalbe dampned. And theſe ſignes ſhall folowe them that beleve: In my name ſhall caſt oute devyls/and ſhall ſpeake with newe tonges…

    Notes on the manuscript text:
    (1) '7' is used for the medieval ampersand, as is standard in modern renderings of Anglo-Saxon/Middle English texts;
    (2) what looks like a 'y' (sometimes a 'p') in the text is actually 'þ', the letter "thorn," so I used that earlier letterform here—a 'y' is differentiated by its curly tail—and 'ỹ' is an abbreviation for "that";
    (3) a line over a vowel means it's followed by an 'n' or 'm' in pronunciation;
    (4) a dot over a (real) 'y' is a following 'n';
    (5) neither the difference between 'u' and 'v', nor the letter 'w' yet existed as such in Tyndale's time;
    (6) "long s" and "short s" are used according to their appearance in the manuscript;
    (7) "ihc̄ is the standard manuscript abbreviation for "Jesus," coming from the (medieval) Greek form "ΙΗCΟΥC".

    Grammar note: "hē" is the original, Anglo-Saxon "hem" which is the third person plural, objective case. The form "them" (as with "they," and "their") was borrowed from Old Norse, with its use moving slowly from the Danelaw/Midlands into London English over the following century. (You will find both forms in Chaucer, with complete replacement by the mid-Tudor period.)

  6. @dimitrithomas4019

    July 30, 2026 at 11:50 pm

    tom's subtitle game is one of the best on this website and i respect him so much for being a real professional and putting these 10 mil sub channels with no captions to shame

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